K8s - 2 集群搭建 - 2 二进制方式
前置知识点
目前生产部署 Kubernetes 集群主要有两种方式:
kubeadm
- Kubeadm 是一个 K8s 部署工具,提供 kubeadm init 和 kubeadm join,用于快速部 署 Kubernetes 集群。
- 官方地址: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
二进制包
- 从 github 下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组件,组成 Kubernetes 集群。
Kubeadm 降低部署门槛,但屏蔽了很多细节,遇到问题很难排查。如果想更容易可控,推荐使用二进制包部署 Kubernetes 集群,虽然手动部署麻烦点,期间可以学习很 多工作原理,也利于后期维护。
注意:
本文所需使用的命令需要在不同的服务器上操作,请注意区分:
- master:在 master 节点操作;
- worker:在 worker 节点操作;
- master & worker:在 master 和worker 节点上操作。
一、kubernetes 集群搭建(二进制方式)
1. 安装要求
在开始之前,部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件,请务必按照以下版本进行安装(不通版本之间有较多的差异,会导致遇到一些奇怪的问题):
- 一台或多台机器,操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64;
- 硬件配置:2GB或更多RAM,2个CPU或更多CPU,硬盘30GB或更多;
- 集群中所有机器之间网络互通;
- 可以访问外网,需要拉取镜像,如果服务器不能上网,需要提前下载镜像并导入节点;
- 禁止swap分区。
2. 准备环境
软件环境:
软件 | 版本 |
---|---|
操作系统 | CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core) |
Docker | 19.03.9 |
Kubernetes | 1.18.20 |
服务器规划:
角色 | IP | 组件 |
---|---|---|
k8s-master | 192.168.80.220 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube -scheduler,kubelet,kube-proxy,etcd |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.80.221 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
k8s-node1 | 192.168.80.222 | kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd |
3. 操作系统初始化
# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
# 关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.80.220 k8s-master
192.168.80.221 k8s-node1
192.168.80.222 k8s-node2
EOF
# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
4. 部署 Etcd 集群
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统,Kubernetes 使用 Etcd 进行数据存储,所以先准备一个 Etcd 数据库,为解决 Etcd 单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,这里使用 3 台组建集群,可容忍 1 台机器故障,当然,你也可以使用 5 台组建集群,可容忍 2 台机器故障。
节点名称 | IP |
---|---|
etcd-1 | 192.168.80.220 |
etcd-2 | 192.168.80.221 |
etcd-3 | 192.168.80.222 |
注意: 为了节省机器,这里与 K8s 节点机器复用。也可以独立于 k8s 集群之外部署,只要 apiserver 能连接到就行。
4.1 准备 cfssl 证书生成工具
cfssl 是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用 json 文件生成证书,相比 openssl 更方便使用。(可以使用任意一台服务器操作,这里用 Master 节点)
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
4.2 生成 Etcd 证书
- 自签证书颁发机构(CA)
- 创建工作目录:
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} cd TLS/etcd
- 自签 CA:
cat > ca-config.json<< EOF { "signing" : { "default" : { "expiry" : "87600h" }, "profiles" : { "www" : { "expiry" : "87600h", "usages" : [ "signing", "key encipherment", "server auth", "client auth" ] } } } } EOF cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF { "CN" : "etcd CA", "key" : { "algo" : "rsa", "size" : 2048 }, "names" : [ { "C" : "CN", "L" : "Beijing", "ST" : "Beijing" } ] } EOF
- 生成证书:
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca - ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
- 创建工作目录:
- 使用自签 CA 签发 Etcd HTTPS 证书
- 创建证书申请文件:
注意:上述文件 hosts 字段中 IP 为所有 etcd 节点的集群内部通信 IP,一个都不能少! 为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。cat > server-csr.json<< EOF { "CN" : "etcd", "hosts" : [ "192.168.80.220", "192.168.80.221", "192.168.80.222", "192.168.80.223", "192.168.80.224", "192.168.80.225", "192.168.80.226", "192.168.80.227", "192.168.80.228", "192.168.80.229" ], "key" : { "algo" : "rsa", "size" : 2048 }, "names" : [ { "C" : "CN", "L" : "BeiJing", "ST" : "BeiJing" } ] } EOF
- 生成证书:
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
- 创建证书申请文件:
4.3 从 Github 下载二进制文件
下载地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
4.4 部署 Etcd 集群
以下在节点 1 上操作,操作完成后将节点 1 生成的所有文件拷贝到节点 2 和节点 3。
-
创建工作目录并解压二进制包
cd /root mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
-
创建 etcd 配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF #[Member] # 节点名称,集群中唯一 ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 数据目录 ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" # 集群通信监听地址 ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2380" # 客户端访问监听地址 ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2379" #[Clustering] # 集群通告地址 ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2380" # 客户端通告地址 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2379" # 集群节点地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.80.220:2380,etcd- 2=https://192.168.80.221:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.80.222:2380" # 集群 Token ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" # 加入集群的当前状态,new 是新集群,existing 表示加入 已有集群 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new" EOF
-
systemd 管理 etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Etcd Server After=network.target After=network-online.target Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=notify EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \ --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \ --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \ --peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \ --peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \ --trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --logger=zap Restart=on-failure LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
-
拷贝刚才生成的证书
将生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
-
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start etcd systemctl enable etcd systemctl status etcd
-
将上面节点 1 所有生成的文件拷贝到节点 2 和节点 3
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.80.221:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.80.221:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.80.222:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.80.222:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
然后在节点 2 和节点 3 分别修改 etcd.conf 配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器 IP:
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf #[Member] ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处,节点 2 改为 etcd-2,节点 3 改为 etcd-3 ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP #[Clustering] ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2380" # 修改此处为当前 服务器 IP ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.80.220:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.80.220:2380,etcd- 2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
最后启动 etcd 并设置开机启动,同上。
-
查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.80.220:2379,https://192.168.80.221:2379,https://192.168.80.222:2379" endpoint health
https://192.168.80.221:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 23.326647ms https://192.168.80.222:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 23.536207ms https://192.168.80.220:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 24.116646ms
如果输出上面信息,就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志:
/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd
5. 安装 Docker
下载地址:https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
以下步骤在所有节点操作。这里采用二进制安装,用 yum 安装也一样。
-
解压二进制包
ca /root tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz mv docker/* /usr/bin
-
systemd 管理 docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Docker Application Container Engine Documentation=https://docs.docker.com After=network-online.target firewalld.service Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=notify ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID LimitNOFILE=infinity LimitNPROC=infinity LimitCORE=infinity TimeoutStartSec=0 Delegate=yes KillMode=process Restart=on-failure StartLimitBurst=3 StartLimitInterval=60s [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
-
创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://82m9ar63.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], "log-opts": { "max-size": "100m", "max-file": "3" } } EOF
registry-mirrors 阿里云镜像加速器
-
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start docker systemctl enable docker systemctl status docker
6. 部署 Master Node
6.1 生成 kube-apiserver 证书
-
自签证书颁发机构(CA)
# 切换目录 cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json<< EOF { "signing": { "default": { "expiry": "87600h" }, "profiles": { "kubernetes": { "expiry": "87600h", "usages": [ "signing", "key encipherment", "server auth", "client auth" ] } } } } EOF cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF { "CN": "kubernetes", "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "Beijing", "ST": "Beijing", "O": "k8s", "OU": "System" } ] } EOF
-
生成证书:
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca - ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
-
使用自签 CA 签发 kube-apiserver HTTPS 证书
- 创建证书申请文件:
cat > server-csr.json<< EOF { "CN": "kubernetes", "hosts": [ "10.0.0.1", "127.0.0.1", "192.168.80.220", "192.168.80.221", "192.168.80.222", "192.168.80.223", "192.168.80.224", "192.168.80.225", "192.168.80.226", "192.168.80.227", "192.168.80.228", "192.168.80.229", "kubernetes", "kubernetes.default", "kubernetes.default.svc", "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster", "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" ], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "BeiJing", "ST": "BeiJing", "O": "k8s", "OU": "System" } ] } EOF
- 生成证书:
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
- 创建证书申请文件:
6.2 从 Github 下载二进制文件
下载地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/
注意:打开链接你会发现里面有很多包,选择对应的版本下载一个 server 包就够了,包含了 Master 和 Worker Node 二进制文件。
6.3 解压二进制包
cd /root
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
6.4 部署 kube-apiserver
-
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\ --v=2 \\ --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\ --etcd-servers=https://192.168.80.220:2379,https://192.168.80.221:2379,https://192.168.80.222:2379 \\ --bind-address=192.168.80.220 \\ --secure-port=6443 \\ --advertise-address=192.168.80.220 \\ --allow-privileged=true \\ --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\ --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\ --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\ --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\ --token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\ --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\ --kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\ --kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\ --tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\ --tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\ --client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\ --service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\ --etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\ --etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\ --etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\ --audit-log-maxage=30 \\ --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\ --audit-log-maxsize=100 \\ --audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log" EOF
注意:上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符,第二个是换行符,使用转义符是为了使用 EOF 保留换行符。
–logtostderr: 启用日志
–v: 日志等级
–log-dir: 日志目录
–etcd-servers: etcd 集群地址
–bind-address: 监听地址
–secure-port: https 安全端口
–advertise-address: 集群通告地址
–allow-privileged: 启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range: Service 虚拟 IP 地址段
–enable-admission-plugins: 准入控制模块
–authorization-mode: 认证授权,启用 RBAC 授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth: 启用 TLS bootstrap 机制
–token-auth-file: bootstrap token 文件
–service-node-port-range: Service nodeport 类型默认分配端口范围
–kubelet-client-xxx: apiserver 访问 kubelet 客户端证书
–tls-xxx-file: apiserver https 证书
–etcd-xxxfile: 连接 Etcd 集群证书
–audit-log-xxx: 审计日志k8s 1.20.x+可能需要这两个参数:
–service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
–service-account-issuer=api \ -
拷贝刚才生成的证书
将生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
-
启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver 启用 TLS 认证后,Node 节点 kubelet 和 kube-proxy 要与 kube-apiserver 进行通信,必须使用 CA 签发的有效证书才可以,当 Node节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程,Kubernetes 引入了 TLS bootstraping 机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet 会以一个低权限用户自动向 apiserver 申请证书,kubelet 的证书由 apiserver 动态签署。所以强烈建议在 Node 上使用这种方式, 目前主要用于 kubelet ,kube-proxy 还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。TLS bootstraping 工作流程:
创建上述配置文件中 token 文件:cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF b6533c33b65dfd9836534253be322740,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper" EOF
格式: token ,用户名,UID ,用户组
token 也可自行生成替换:
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
-
systemd 管理 apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes API Server Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
-
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kube-apiserver systemctl enable kube-apiserver systemctl status kube-apiserver
注意:若发现启动失败可通过以下命令查看错误。
journalctl -xe -u kube-apiserver cat /var/log/messages|grep kube-apiserver|grep -i error
-
授权 kubelet-bootstrap 用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \ --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \ --user=kubelet-bootstrap
注意:若发现如下错误,请先删除历史授权记录后再执行用户授权。
错误信息:error: no matches for kind "ClusterRoleBinding" in version "rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1"
删除命令:
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap
6.5 部署 kube-controller-manager
-
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\ --v=2 \\ --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\ --leader-elect=true \\ --master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\ --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\ --allocate-node-cidrs=true \\ --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\ --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\ --cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\ --cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\ --root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\ --service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\ --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s" EOF
–master: 通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。
–leader-elect: 当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)。
–cluster-signing-cert-file/ –cluster-signing-key-file: 自动为 kubelet 颁发证书 的 CA,与 apiserver 保持一致。 -
systemd 管理 controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
-
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kube-controller-manager systemctl enable kube-controller-manager systemctl status kube-controller-manager
6.6 部署 kube-scheduler
-
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\ --v=2 \\ --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\ --leader-elect \\ --master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\ --bind-address=127.0.0.1" EOF
–master: 通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。
–leader-elect: 当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)。 -
systemd 管理 scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Scheduler Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
-
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kube-scheduler systemctl enable kube-scheduler systemctl status kube-scheduler
-
查看集群状态
所有组件都已经启动成功,通过 kubectl 工具查看当前集群组件状态:kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR scheduler Healthy ok controller-manager Healthy ok etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"} etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"} etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
如上输出说明 Master 节点组件运行正常。
7. 部署 Worker Node
7.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
创建工作目录(worker):
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
上传 kubernetes 压缩包 到 root 目录下并解压(worker):
cd /root
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
copy 可执行文件到指定目录(master & worker):
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin
7.2 部署 kubelet
-
创建配置文件(master & worker)
注意:hostname-override 字段要求集群中唯一,所以每个节点需要手动修改为节点对应的主机名。cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\ --v=2 \\ --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\ --hostname-override=k8s-master \\ --network-plugin=cni \\ --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\ --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\ --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\ --cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\ --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0" EOF
–hostname-override: 显示名称,集群中唯一
–network-plugin: 启用 CNI
–kubeconfig: 空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接 apiserver
–bootstrap-kubeconfig: 首次启动向 apiserver 申请证书
–config: 配置参数文件
–cert-dir: kubelet 证书生成目录
–pod-infra-container-image: 管理 Pod 网络容器的镜像 -
配置参数文件(master & worker)
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF kind: KubeletConfiguration apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1 address: 0.0.0.0 port: 10250 readOnlyPort: 10255 cgroupDriver: cgroupfs clusterDNS: - 10.0.0.2 clusterDomain: cluster.local failSwapOn: false authentication: anonymous: enabled: false webhook: cacheTTL: 2m0s enabled: true x509: clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem authorization: mode: Webhook webhook: cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s evictionHard: imagefs.available: 15% memory.available: 100Mi nodefs.available: 10% nodefs.inodesFree: 5% maxOpenFiles: 1000000 maxPods: 110 EOF
-
生成 bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件(master)
cd /root/TLS/k8s # 配置环境变量 KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.80.220:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT TOKEN="b6533c33b65dfd9836534253be322740" # 与 token.csv 里保持一致 # 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件 kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \ --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --embed-certs=true \ --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \ --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \ --token=${TOKEN} \ --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig kubectl config set-context default \ --cluster=kubernetes \ --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \ --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig kubectl config use-context default \ --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件指定路径(master):
cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
将配置文件及证书传输到 worker 节点(master):
scp -r /root/TLS/k8s/bootstrap.kubeconfig root@192.168.80.221:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ssl/{ca-key.pem,ca.pem,kubelet.crt,kubelet.key,server-key.pem,server.pem} root@192.168.80.221:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
scp -r /root/TLS/k8s/bootstrap.kubeconfig root@192.168.80.222:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ssl/{ca-key.pem,ca.pem,kubelet.crt,kubelet.key,server-key.pem,server.pem} root@192.168.80.222:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
-
systemd 管理 kubelet(master & worker)
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Kubelet After=docker.service [Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS Restart=on-failure LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
-
启动并设置开机启动(master & worker)
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kubelet systemctl enable kubelet systemctl status kubelet
常用排错命令:
journalctl -u kebelet journalctl -xe
7.3 批准 kubelet 证书申请并加入集群(master)
# 查看 kubelet 证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A 6m3s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ-- K6M4G7bjhk8A
# 查看节点
kubectl get node
注意:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪NotReady。。
7.4 部署 kube-proxy
-
创建配置文件(master & worker)
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\ --v=2 \\ --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\ --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml" EOF
-
配置参数文件(master & worker)
注意:hostname-override 字段要求集群中唯一,所以每个节点需要手动修改为节点对应的主机名。cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF kind: KubeProxyConfiguration apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 bindAddress: 0.0.0.0 metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249 clientConnection: kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig hostnameOverride: k8s-master clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24 EOF
-
生成 kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件(master)
生成 kube -proxy 证书:# 切换工作目录 cd ~/TLS/k8s # 创建证书请求文件 cat > kube-proxy-csr.json<< EOF { "CN": "system:kube-proxy", "hosts": [], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "BeiJing", "ST": "BeiJing", "O": "k8s", "OU": "System" } ] } EOF # 生成证书 cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
生成 kubeconfig 文件:
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.80.220:6443" kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \ --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --embed-certs=true \ --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \ --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \ --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \ --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \ --embed-certs=true \ --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig kubectl config set-context default \ --cluster=kubernetes \ --user=kube-proxy \ --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件指定路径:
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
将配置文件传输到 worker 节点(master):
scp -r /root/TLS/k8s/kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@192.168.80.221:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp -r /root/TLS/k8s/kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@192.168.80.222:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
-
systemd 管理 kube-proxy(master & worker)
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Proxy After=network.target [Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS Restart=on-failure LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
-
启动并设置开机启动(master & worker)
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kube-proxy systemctl enable kube-proxy systemctl status kube-proxy
7.5 部署 CNI 网络
下载地址:https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
上传 CNI 压缩包 到 root 目录下(master & worker):
cd /root
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
下载 CNI 网络yaml文件(master):
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
如果发现镜像拉去不下来,就去查看 docker 镜像仓库的配置。
部署 CNI 网络(master):
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -A -o wide
kubectl get node
部署好网络插件,Node 准备就绪。
7.6 授权 apiserver 访问 kubelet
cd /root
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml<< EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
7.7 新增加 Worker Node
-
拷贝已部署好的 Node相关文件到新节点(master)
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.80.221:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.80.221:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.80.221:/opt/
-
删除 kubelet 证书和 kubeconfig 文件(worker)
rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
注意:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个 Node 不同,必须删除重新生成。
-
修改主机名(worker)
–hostname-override=k8s-node1vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
-
启动并设置开机启动(worker)
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl stop kubelet systemctl start kubelet systemctl enable kubelet systemctl stop kube-proxy systemctl start kube-proxy systemctl enable kube-proxy
-
在 Master 上批准新 Node kubelet 证书申请(master)
kubectl get csr
kubectl certificate approve
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro 89s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei- aE2jyTP81Uro
-
查看 Node状态(master)
kubectl get node
记得执行环境初始化、docker安装等步骤!!!