App-用例设计注意事项+启动参数配置化

需要进行先登录再测试其他模块时，登录的步骤最好不要放在用例中，因为在UI自动化测试用例中，最好不要产生依赖关系，因为这样出错了，代码不好维护，不像接口自动化测试用例，而且有依赖关系的话，也不好执行并发运行测试用例，所以依赖的登录操作可以放在夹具中执行

具体代码如下：

native_page.py代码修改如下：

from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as when


class MobileKey:
    ENTER = 66
    VOLUME_UP = 24
    VOLUME_DOWN = 25
    BACK = 4


class NativePage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def find_el(self, locator):
        """查找元素"""
        return self.driver.find_element(*locator)

    def click(self, locator):
        """点击"""
        wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout=5)
        condition = when.element_to_be_clickable(locator)
        element = wait.until(condition)
        ActionChains(self.driver).click(element).perform()

    def type(self, locator, words):
        """输入"""
        el = self.driver.find_element(*locator)
        el.send_keys(words)

    def get_toast_text(self):
        """获取错误信息"""
        toast = self.driver.find_element('xpath', '//android.widget.Toast')
        return toast.text

    def get_avatar_title(self):
        """获取登录后的头像名称"""
        title = self.driver.find_element('id', 'com.lemon.lemonban:id/fragment_my_lemon_avatar_title')
        return title.text

    def width(self):
        """获取app的宽度"""
        return self.driver.get_window_size()['width']

    def height(self):
        """获取app的高度"""
        return self.driver.get_window_size()['height']

    def swipe_left(self):
        """从右往左滑动"""
        self.driver.swipe(start_x=self.width() * 0.9, end_x=self.width() * 0.1,
                          start_y=self.height() * 0.5, end_y=self.height() * 0.5)

    def swipe_right(self):
        """从左往右滑动"""
        self.driver.swipe(start_x=self.width() * 0.1, end_x=self.width() * 0.9,
                          start_y=self.height() * 0.5, end_y=self.height() * 0.5)

    def swipe_up(self):
        """从下往上滑动"""
        self.driver.swipe(start_x=self.width() * 0.5, end_x=self.width() * 0.5,
                          start_y=self.height() * 0.9, end_y=self.height() * 0.1)

    def swipe_down(self):
        """从上往下滑动"""
        self.driver.swipe(start_x=self.width() * 0.5, end_x=self.width() * 0.5,
                          start_y=self.height() * 0.1, end_y=self.height() * 0.9)

    def enter(self):
        """回车"""
        self.driver.press_keycode(MobileKey.ENTER)

    def volume_up(self):
        """音量加"""
        self.driver.press_keycode(MobileKey.VOLUME_UP)

    def volume_down(self):
        """音量减"""
        self.driver.press_keycode(MobileKey.VOLUME_DOWN)

    def back(self):
        """返回"""
        self.driver.press_keycode(MobileKey.BACK)

conftest.py代码修改如下：

import pytest
from appium.webdriver import Remote

from pages.home_page import HomePage
from pages.login_page import LoginPage
from pages.tiku_page import TikuPage
from pages.user_page import UserPage


def get_driver():
    """"启动app"""
    caps = {"platformName": "Android",
            "udid": "emulator-5554",
            "appPackage": "com.lemon.lemonban",
            "appActivity": ".activity.WelcomeActivity",
            "chromedriverExecutableDir": "E:\driver"
            }
    driver = Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',
                    desired_capabilities=caps)
    # 设置隐性等待
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    return driver


@pytest.fixture(name='app')  # 设置别名代替init_app
def init_app():
    """启动app"""
    d = get_driver()
    yield d
    d.quit()


@pytest.fixture()
def homepage(app):
    """初始化homepage"""
    return HomePage(app)


@pytest.fixture()
def userpage(app):
    """初始化userpage"""
    return UserPage(app)


@pytest.fixture()
def loginpage(app):
    """初始化loginpage"""
    return LoginPage(app)


@pytest.fixture()
def tikupage(app):
    """初始化tikupage"""
    return TikuPage(app)


@pytest.fixture()
def login(homepage, loginpage, userpage):
    homepage.enter_userpage()
    userpage.click_login()
    loginpage.login('18173179913', '179913')
    return homepage.driver

新建tiku_page.py代码如下：

from pages.menu import Menu


class TikuPage(Menu):
    # 题库页面中‘去登录’按钮元素
    locator_login = ('id', 'com.lemon.lemonban:id/button_go_login')
    # Linux题
    locator_linux = ('xpath', '//*[@text="Linux"]')
    # 初级
    locator_chuji = ('xpath', '//*[@text="初级"]')
    # 第一套题
    locator_shijuan = ('xpath', '//*[@text="Linux--初级--第1套"]')
    # 获取题目的序号元素
    locator_title = ('id', 'com.lemon.lemonban:id/toolbar_textview')
    # 点击显示答案按钮
    locator_show_answer = ('id', 'com.lemon.lemonban:id/switch_button')
    # 获取答案
    locator_answer = ('id', 'com.lemon.lemonban:id/tvBody')

    def get_msg_nologin(self):
        """未登录时的提示信息"""
        el = self.driver.find_element(*self.locator_login)
        return el.text

    def choose_tiku(self, name):
        """通过题库名称选择题库"""
        locator = ('xpath', f'//*[@text="{name}"]')
        self.click(locator)

    def choose_difficulty(self, level):
        """选择题库难度等级"""
        locator = ('xpath', f'//*[@text="{level}"]')
        self.click(locator)

    def choose_shijuan(self):
        """选择试卷"""
        self.click(self.locator_shijuan)

    def get_item(self):
        """获取某个试卷"""
        self.choose_tiku('Linux')
        self.choose_difficulty('初级')
        self.choose_shijuan()

    def get_index(self):
        """获取题目的序号(1/15)"""
        el = self.find_el(self.locator_title)
        return el.text.split('/')[0]

    def show_answer(self):
        """获取题目答案"""
        self.click(self.locator_show_answer)
        el = self.find_el(self.locator_answer)
        return el.text

 新建test_tiku.py代码如下：

from pages.home_page import HomePage
from pages.user_page import UserPage
from pages.tiku_page import TikuPage


class TestTiku:
    def test_tiku_nologin(self, homepage: HomePage, tikupage: TikuPage):
        """没有登录的题库"""
        homepage.enter_tiku()
        assert tikupage.get_msg_nologin() == '去登录'

    def test_tiku_login(self, login):
        """登录后的题库
        1.先登录
        2.选择题库 choose_tiku(name) text文本=Linux
        3.选择题库难度  文本：初级
        4.选择试卷：文本：Linux--初级--第1套
        5.断言试卷题号：1 id=com.lemon.lemonban:id/toolbar_textview
        6.点击显示答案：id= com.lemon.lemonban:id/switch_button
        7.断言是否有答案：id=com.lemon.lemonban:id/tvBody 长度>0
        8.滑动5次之后
        9.断言试卷题号：6 id=com.lemon.lemonban:id/toolbar_textview
        """
        # 登录后，点击跳转到题库页面
        UserPage(login).enter_tiku()
        # 初始化tikupage
        tikupage = TikuPage(login)
        # 得到试卷
        tikupage.get_item()
        # 断言题目序号
        assert tikupage.get_index() == '1'
        # 断言题目答案结果
        assert tikupage.show_answer() != ''
        # 滑动页面5次
        for i in range(5):
            tikupage.swipe_left()
        # 断言题目答案结果
        assert tikupage.get_index() == '6'

总结：

1. 夹具中封装login时，一定要记得返回return homepage.driver
2. TikuPage类中通过文本定位元素有两种方法：第一种就是locator写死， locator_linux = ('xpath', '//*[@text="Linux"]')，第二种：函数设置参数，调用时传入参数，这种优点是灵活，两种先一即可，我这里方法总结，两种混合在一块写了
3. find_element()方法如果在NativePage类中未封装，那么在TikuPage类中使用就得用self.driver.find_element()，如果是进行了封装，就可以直接使用self.find_el()