LeetCode 热题 HOT 100 第八十二天 437. 路径总和 III 用python3求解

这篇博客介绍了如何解决一个二叉树问题,即寻找节点值之和等于给定目标值的路径数量。通过深度优先搜索(DFS)策略,遍历二叉树的每个节点,并递归计算左子树和右子树满足条件的路径数。在每个节点上,如果当前节点值等于目标值,则增加路径计数。最后,返回包括当前节点在内的路径总数。示例展示了两种不同的二叉树结构及其对应的目标和路径数量。
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题目地址

给定一个二叉树的根节点root,和一个整数targetSum,求该二叉树里节点值之和等于targetSum的路径的数目。
路径 不需要从根节点开始,也不需要在叶子节点结束,但是路径方向必须是向下的(只能从父节点到子节点)。

示例 1:
输入:root = [10,5,-3,3,2,null,11,3,-2,null,1], targetSum = 8
输出:3
解释:和等于 8 的路径有 3 条,如图所示。

示例 2:
输入:root = [5,4,8,11,null,13,4,7,2,null,null,5,1], targetSum = 22
输出:3

提示:
二叉树的节点个数的范围是 [0,1000]
-10^9 <= Node.val <= 10^9
-1000 <= targetSum <= 1000
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
解法:DFS(深度优先搜索遍历)
参考官方题解:指路
在这里插入图片描述
官方题解的思路只讲了rootSum这个函数。我们需要自行注意pathSum这个函数。也就是重点注意理解以下两行代码:

ret += self.pathSum(root.left, targetSum)
ret += self.pathSum(root.right, targetSum)

代码实现:

class Solution:
    def pathSum(self, root: TreeNode, targetSum: int) -> int:
        def rootSum(root, targetSum):
            if root is None:
                return 0

            ret = 0
            if root.val == targetSum:
                ret += 1

            ret += rootSum(root.left, targetSum - root.val)
            ret += rootSum(root.right, targetSum - root.val)
            return ret
        
        if root is None:
            return 0
            
        ret = rootSum(root, targetSum) #以root为根节点进行计算,也就是在这个函数里面不管怎样计算sum,都是会带上root的值
        ret += self.pathSum(root.left, targetSum) #注意这里是pathSum函数,相当于是另一棵树了
        ret += self.pathSum(root.right, targetSum)
        return ret

1. Two Sum 2. Add Two Numbers 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays 5. Longest Palindromic Substring 6. ZigZag Conversion 7. Reverse Integer 8. String to Integer (atoi) 9. Palindrome Number 10. Regular Expression Matching 11. Container With Most Water 12. Integer to Roman 13. Roman to Integer 14. Longest Common Prefix 15. 3Sum 16. 3Sum Closest 17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number 18. 4Sum 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List 20. Valid Parentheses 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists 22. Generate Parentheses 23. Swap Nodes in Pairs 24. Reverse Nodes in k-Group 25. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array 26. Remove Element 27. Implement strStr() 28. Divide Two Integers 29. Substring with Concatenation of All Words 30. Next Permutation 31. Longest Valid Parentheses 32. Search in Rotated Sorted Array 33. Search for a Range 34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array 35. Valid Sudoku 36. Sudoku Solver 37. Count and Say 38. Combination Sum 39. Combination Sum II 40. First Missing Positive 41. Trapping Rain Water 42. Jump Game 43. Merge Intervals 44. Insert Interval 45. Unique Paths 46. Minimum Path Sum 47. Climbing Stairs 48. Permutations 49. Permutations II 50. Rotate Image 51. Group Anagrams 52. Pow(x, n) 53. Maximum Subarray 54. Spiral Matrix 55. Jump Game II 56. Merge k Sorted Lists 57. Insertion Sort List 58. Sort List 59. Largest Rectangle in Histogram 60. Valid Number 61. Word Search 62. Minimum Window Substring 63. Unique Binary Search Trees 64. Unique Binary Search Trees II 65. Interleaving String 66. Maximum Product Subarray 67. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 68. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal 69. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal 70. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List 71. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 72. Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal 73. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal 74. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal 75. Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree 76. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree 77. Recover Binary Search Tree 78. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers 79. Path Sum 80. Path Sum II 81. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum 82. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 83. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node II 84. Reverse Linked List 85. Reverse Linked List II 86. Partition List 87. Rotate List 88. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List 89. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II 90. Intersection of Two Linked Lists 91. Linked List Cycle 92. Linked List Cycle II 93. Reorder List 94. Binary Tree Upside Down 95. Binary Tree Right Side View 96. Palindrome Linked List 97. Convert Binary Search Tree to Sorted Doubly Linked List 98. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 99. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 100. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
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