Centos7 安装Docker

1. 安装Docker 要求 CentOS 系统的内核版本高于 3.10，验证虚机CentOS 版本是否支持 Docker。root账户登录， 查看内核版本；查看系统信息。

#查看内核版本
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.study 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
 或
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64

#查看系统信息
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

2.卸载掉旧的版本

yum remove docker \     
    docker-client \    
    docker-client-latest \   
    docker-common \   
    docker-latest \
    docker-latest-logrotate \  
    docker-logrotate \   
    docker-selinux \     
    docker-engine-selinux \    
    docker-engine

3.安装需要的软件包，  yum-util 提供yum-config-manager功能，另外两个是devicemapper驱动依赖的

[root@kvm-centos ~]# sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.163.com
软件包 yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch 已安装并且是最新版本
软件包 device-mapper-persistent-data-0.8.5-1.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
软件包 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理

4. 可以查看所有仓库中所有docker版本，并选择特定版本安装

[root@kvm-centos ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
已加载插件：fastestmirror
可安装的软件包
* updates: mirrors.163.com
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.9-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
........

5. 安装Docker，命令：yum install docker-ce-版本号

[root@kvm-centos ~]# yum install docker-ce-17.12.0.ce
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.163.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务l
.......

6.验证是否安装成功

[root@kvm-centos~]# docker version
Client:
Version:    17.12.0-ce
API version:    1.35
Go version:    go1.9.2
Git commit:    c97c6d6
Built:    Wed Dec 27 20:10:14 2017
OS/Arch:    linux/amd64
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?

#查看状态
[root@kvm-centos~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
#启动
[root@kvm-centos~]# systemctl start docker

# 查看状态
[root@kvm-centos~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2019-09-29 11:06:30 CST; 2min 46s ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 36455 (dockerd)
    Tasks: 18
   Memory: 19.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           ├─36455 /usr/bin/dockerd
           └─36460 docker-containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml


9月 29 11:06:12 kvm-centos.study dockerd[36455]: time="2019-09-29T11:06:10+08:00" level=info msg=serving... address="/var/run/docker/containerd/docker-containerd.sock" module="containerd/grpc"
9月 29 11:06:12 kvm-centos.study dockerd[36455]: time="2019-09-29T11:06:10+08:00" level=info msg="containerd successfully booted in 0.116310s" module=containerd
9月 29 11:06:13 kvm-centos.study dockerd[36455]: time="2019-09-29T11:06:13.882044202+08:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.00 seconds"

7.配置镜像加速器

国内访问 Docker Hub 有时会遇到困难，此时可以配置镜像加速器。国内很多云服务商都提供了加速器服务，可以使用阿里云加速器。 用 systemctl enable docker 启用服务后，编辑 /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service文件，找到ExecStart=这一行，在这行最后添加加速器地址 --registry-mirror=<加速器地址>。

[root@kvm-centos ~]#  systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@kvm-centos ~]# cd /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/
[root@kvm-centos multi-user.target.wants]# pwd
/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants
[root@kvm-centos multi-user.target.wants]# vi docker.service

ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd-current \
          --registry-mirror=https://******.mirror.aliyuncs.com \
                    .......................

保存，退出

#加载配置重新启动
[root@kvm-centos multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@kvm-centos multi-user.target.wants]# systemctl restart docker

#检查 是否生效
[root@kvm-centos multi-user.target.wants]#  ps -ef | grep dockerd
root      2748     1  2 17:01 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dockerd-current --registry-mirror=https://******.mirror.aliyuncs.com --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current --default-runtime=docker-runc --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current --init-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current --seccomp-profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json --selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --storage-driver overlay2
root      2852  1789  0 17:01 ttyS0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto dockerd

至此，Docker已安装完成。