Docker的常用命令

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已于 2023-10-18 10:32:34 修改

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker 容器

于 2022-01-13 22:41:16 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40750633/article/details/122456375

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帮助命令

docker version        查看docker版本
docker info           查看docker系统信息
docker 命令 --help     帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cli/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   3 months ago   13.3kB

参数解释：

REPOSITORY     镜像的仓库源
TAG            镜像的标签
IMAGE ID       镜像的id
CREATED        镜像的创建时间
SIZE           镜像的大小

#可选项

-a,--all       列出所有的镜像
-q,--quiet     只显示镜像的id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11952     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4568      [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   896       [OK]

可选项,通过收藏来过滤

--filter=STARS=3000   搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11952     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4568      [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

docker pull 镜像名[:tag]

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker  pull mysql
Using default tag: latest      #如果不写tag，默认就是latest      
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete   #分层下载，dockerimage的核心联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709   #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest   #真实地址

等价于

docker  pull mysql
docker  pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

指定版本下载

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker  pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

在这里插入图片描述

docker rmi 删除镜像

docker  rmi  镜像名                #删除单个的镜像（latest）
docker  rmi -f 镜像名              #强制删除指定的镜像
docker  rmi -f 镜像名 镜像名 镜像名  #删除多个镜像
docker  rmi -f $(docker images -q) #删除查询到的全部镜像

容器命令

下载一个centos镜像来学习

docker pull centos

在这里插入图片描述
下载完毕！

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

参数说明：

--name="Name"     容器名字tomcat01 tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d                后台方式运行，返回容器id
-it               使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p                指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
    -p  ip:主机端口:容器端口
    -p  主机端口:容器端口(常用)
    -p  容器端口
    容器端口
-P                随机指定端口

测试,启动并进入容器：

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@6af603ed8916 /]# ls  #查看容器内的centos
bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

从容器中退回主机

[root@6af603ed8916 /]# exit
exit
[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usr
boot  etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var

列出所有运行的容器

docker ps  命令   #列出当前正在运行的容器
-a                #列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器 
-n=?              #显示最近创建的容器 
-q                #只显示容器的编号

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
6af603ed8916   centos         "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (130) 3 minutes ago             dazzling_shaw
a9ab17fd66e9   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      45 hours ago    Exited (0) 45 hours ago                epic_sutherland

退出容器

exit          #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q  #容器不停止退出（快捷键）

删除容器

docker rm 容器id                #删除指定的容器（不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f）
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   #删除全部的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除全部的容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id    #启动容器
docker restart 容器id  #重启容器
docker stop 容器id     #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id     #强制停止当前容器

常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

docker run -d 镜像名

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器  # 没有日志 
#辨析额一段shell脚本
[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo zhangsan;sleep 1;done"

#显示日志
-tf             #显示日志
--tail  number  #显示日志条数
[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 6af603ed8916

查看容器中的进行信息

docker top 容器id

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker top acc9b6f4a853
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                25239               25220               0                   21:37               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo zhangsan;sleep 1;done
root                25297               25239               0                   21:37               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看镜像的源数据

docker   inspect  容器id

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker inspect acc9b6f4a853
[
    {
        "Id": "acc9b6f4a853b8dcbb280b1fa6f20e0ecc367a416fc8d4e7db199ad536d9a9fb",
        "Created": "2022-01-13T13:37:18.604032205Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo zhangsan;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 25239,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-01-13T13:37:19.181155134Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/acc9b6f4a853b8dcbb280b1fa6f20e0ecc367a416fc8d4e7db199ad536d9a9fb/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/acc9b6f4a853b8dcbb280b1fa6f20e0ecc367a416fc8d4e7db199ad536d9a9fb/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/acc9b6f4a853b8dcbb280b1fa6f20e0ecc367a416fc8d4e7db199ad536d9a9fb/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/acc9b6f4a853b8dcbb280b1fa6f20e0ecc367a416fc8d4e7db199ad536d9a9fb/acc9b6f4a853b8dcbb280b1fa6f20e0ecc367a416fc8d4e7db199ad536d9a9fb-json.log",
        "Name": "/zen_clarke",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/decf8b18b3f7bd250b624814b165e2d29708e6a4290eda10de9e21ee6aab720e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7eae12339d8e4726e10cedda09aa41ef17439a01e1ee15f883016a2d88574708/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/decf8b18b3f7bd250b624814b165e2d29708e6a4290eda10de9e21ee6aab720e/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/decf8b18b3f7bd250b624814b165e2d29708e6a4290eda10de9e21ee6aab720e/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/decf8b18b3f7bd250b624814b165e2d29708e6a4290eda10de9e21ee6aab720e/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "acc9b6f4a853",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo zhangsan;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "48d007ceac931729aa537669eb2d5ced17c1d34a5aebe47b7acd51c3a0eba1ee",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/48d007ceac93",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "8729e397aed7f7be02fb358d40f056c5f45c50f3d74fec8e6c17a3c115b5e097",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "60a74e8905b295417ebb533e85771c64837fc3d3a16b6ad4bd93372ffc88ecec",
                    "EndpointID": "8729e397aed7f7be02fb358d40f056c5f45c50f3d74fec8e6c17a3c115b5e097",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入正在运行的容器

容器通常都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置。
方式一：

docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
acc9b6f4a853   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes             zen_clarke
[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker exec -it acc9b6f4a853 /bin/bash
[root@acc9b6f4a853 /]# ls
bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@acc9b6f4a853 /]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 13:37 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo zhangsan;sleep 1;do
root         603       0  1 13:47 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         632       1  0 13:47 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /
root         633     603  0 13:47 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
]

方式二：

docker attach  容器id

[root@iZwz9geewjuo2sogidqn50Z /]# docker attach acc9b6f4a853 
正在执行当前的代码。。。

方式一、方式二的区别：

docker exec    #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)
docker attach  #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp  容器id:容器内路径  目的的主机路径

命令小结

在这里插入图片描述

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