Ansible 常用模块

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-07 13:28:52 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-06-07 13:28:52 发布
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分类专栏： ansible
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40805007/article/details/115085817
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1. 主机联通性测试

可以使用ping模块来进行主机连通性测试：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m ping
node1 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

2. command 模块

这个模块可以直接在远程主机上执行命令，并将结果返回本主机：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m command -a 'ss -ntl'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
State    Recv-Q    Send-Q        Local Address:Port        Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN   0         128           127.0.0.53%lo:53               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                 0.0.0.0:22               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         5                 127.0.0.1:631              0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                    [::]:22                  [::]:*       
LISTEN   0         5                     [::1]:631                 [::]:*

3. shell 模块

shell 模块可以再远程主机上调用shell解释器执行命令，支持管道等：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'cat /etc/passwd |grep root'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

4. copy 模块

用于复制文件到远程主机，同时支持给定内容生成文件和修改权限等：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m copy -a 'src=/root/liusu/hello dest=/data/hello'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709", 
    "dest": "/data/hello", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 0, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1616407813.69-8951-278263912343377/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m copy -a 'content="I am keer\n" dest=/data/name mode=666'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "0421570938940ea784f9d8598dab87f07685b968", 
    "dest": "/data/name", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "497fa8386590a5fc89090725b07f175c", 
    "mode": "0666", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 10, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1616407854.47-8989-109167042354371/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'ls -l /data/'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 3月  22 09:26 aaa.jpg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月  22 09:23 app
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7 3月  22 09:26 bbb.jpg -> aaa.jpg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 3月  22 18:10 hello
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root   10 3月  22 18:10 name

5. file 模块

用于设置文件的属性，包括创建、删除文件和创建链接文件：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m copy -a 'src=/root/liusu/hello dest=/data/hello'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709", 
    "dest": "/data/hello", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 0, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1616407813.69-8951-278263912343377/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m copy -a 'content="I am keer\n" dest=/data/name mode=666'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "0421570938940ea784f9d8598dab87f07685b968", 
    "dest": "/data/name", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "497fa8386590a5fc89090725b07f175c", 
    "mode": "0666", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 10, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1616407854.47-8989-109167042354371/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'ls -l /data/'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 3月  22 09:26 aaa.jpg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月  22 09:23 app
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7 3月  22 09:26 bbb.jpg -> aaa.jpg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 3月  22 18:10 hello
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root   10 3月  22 18:10 name
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# clear
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m file -a 'path=/data/app state=directory'
node1 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/data/app", 
    "size": 4096, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'ls -l /data'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 3月  22 09:26 aaa.jpg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月  22 09:23 app
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7 3月  22 09:26 bbb.jpg -> aaa.jpg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 3月  22 18:10 hello
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root   10 3月  22 18:10 name
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m file -a 'path=/data/ccc.jpg src=aaa.jpg state=link'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/data/ccc.jpg", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 7, 
    "src": "aaa.jpg", 
    "state": "link", 
    "uid": 0
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'ls -l /data'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 3月  22 09:26 aaa.jpg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月  22 09:23 app
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7 3月  22 09:26 bbb.jpg -> aaa.jpg
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7 3月  22 18:15 ccc.jpg -> aaa.jpg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 3月  22 18:10 hello
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root   10 3月  22 18:10 name
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m file -a 'path=/data/hello state=absent'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "path": "/data/hello", 
    "state": "absent"
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'ls -l /data'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 3月  22 09:26 aaa.jpg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月  22 09:23 app
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7 3月  22 09:26 bbb.jpg -> aaa.jpg
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7 3月  22 18:15 ccc.jpg -> aaa.jpg
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root   10 3月  22 18:10 name

6. fetch 模块

用来从远程某主机获取（复制）文件到本地：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m fetch -a 'src=/data/aaa.jpg dest=/data'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709", 
    "dest": "/data/node1/data/aaa.jpg", 
    "md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e", 
    "remote_checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709", 
    "remote_md5sum": null
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ls /data
node1
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# cd /data/node1/data/
root@ansible-server:/data/node1/data# pwd
/data/node1/data
root@ansible-server:/data/node1/data# ls
aaa.jpg

7. cron 模块

该模块适用于管理cron计划任务：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m cron -a 'name="ntp update every 5 min" minute=*/5 job="/bin/ntpdate 192.168.100.0 & > /dev/null"'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "ntp update every 5 min"
    ]
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'crontab -l'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
#Ansible: ntp update every 5 min
*/5 * * * * /bin/ntpdate 192.168.100.0 & > /dev/null
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m cron -a 'name="ntp update every 5 min" job="/bin/ntpdate 192.168.100.0 & > /dev/null" state=absent'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": []
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'crontab -l'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

8. apt 模块

用于软件安装：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m apt -a 'name=nginx state=present'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "cache_update_time": 1616356928, 
    "cache_updated": false, 
    "changed": true, 
    "stderr": "", 
    "stderr_lines": [], 
    "stdout": "Reading package lists...\nBuilding dependency tree...\nReading state information...\nThe following NEW packages will be installed:\n  nginx\n0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 117 not upgraded.\nNeed to get 0 B/3596 B of archives.\nAfter this operation, 44.0 kB of additional disk space will be used.\nSelecting previously unselected package nginx.\r\n(Reading database ... \r(Reading database ... 5%\r(Reading database ... 10%\r(Reading database ... 15%\r(Reading database ... 20%\r(Reading database ... 25%\r(Reading database ... 30%\r(Reading database ... 35%\r(Reading database ... 40%\r(Reading database ... 45%\r(Reading database ... 50%\r(Reading database ... 55%\r(Reading database ... 60%\r(Reading database ... 65%\r(Reading database ... 70%\r(Reading database ... 75%\r(Reading database ... 80%\r(Reading database ... 85%\r(Reading database ... 90%\r(Reading database ... 95%\r(Reading database ... 100%\r(Reading database ... 168222 files and directories currently installed.)\r\nPreparing to unpack .../nginx_1.14.0-0ubuntu1.7_all.deb ...\r\nUnpacking nginx (1.14.0-0ubuntu1.7) ...\r\nSetting up nginx (1.14.0-0ubuntu1.7) ...\r\n", 
    "stdout_lines": [
        "Reading package lists...", 
        "Building dependency tree...", 
        "Reading state information...", 
        "The following NEW packages will be installed:", 
        "  nginx", 
        "0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 117 not upgraded.", 
        "Need to get 0 B/3596 B of archives.", 
        "After this operation, 44.0 kB of additional disk space will be used.", 
        "Selecting previously unselected package nginx.", 
        "(Reading database ... ", 
        "(Reading database ... 5%", 
        "(Reading database ... 10%", 
        "(Reading database ... 15%", 
        "(Reading database ... 20%", 
        "(Reading database ... 25%", 
        "(Reading database ... 30%", 
        "(Reading database ... 35%", 
        "(Reading database ... 40%", 
        "(Reading database ... 45%", 
        "(Reading database ... 50%", 
        "(Reading database ... 55%", 
        "(Reading database ... 60%", 
        "(Reading database ... 65%", 
        "(Reading database ... 70%", 
        "(Reading database ... 75%", 
        "(Reading database ... 80%", 
        "(Reading database ... 85%", 
        "(Reading database ... 90%", 
        "(Reading database ... 95%", 
        "(Reading database ... 100%", 
        "(Reading database ... 168222 files and directories currently installed.)", 
        "Preparing to unpack .../nginx_1.14.0-0ubuntu1.7_all.deb ...", 
        "Unpacking nginx (1.14.0-0ubuntu1.7) ...", 
        "Setting up nginx (1.14.0-0ubuntu1.7) ..."
    ]
}

9. service 模块

用于服务程序的管理：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m service -a 'name=nginx state=started enabled=true'
node1 | CHANGED => {
   "ansible_facts": {
       "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
   }, 
   "changed": true, 
   "enabled": true, 
   "name": "nginx", 
   "state": "started", 
   "status": {
       "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:39:37 CST", 
       "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "142777512908", 
       "ActiveExitTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:40:44 CST", 
       "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "142844354134", 
       "ActiveState": "inactive", 
       "After": "network.target basic.target sysinit.target systemd-journald.socket system.slice", 
       "AllowIsolate": "no", 
       "AmbientCapabilities": "", 
       "AssertResult": "yes", 
       "AssertTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:39:37 CST", 
       "AssertTimestampMonotonic": "142777470480", 
       "Before": "multi-user.target shutdown.target", 
       "BlockIOAccounting": "no", 
       "BlockIOWeight": "[not set]", 
       "CPUAccounting": "no", 
       "CPUQuotaPerSecUSec": "infinity", 
       "CPUSchedulingPolicy": "0", 
       "CPUSchedulingPriority": "0", 
       "CPUSchedulingResetOnFork": "no", 
       "CPUShares": "[not set]", 
       "CPUUsageNSec": "[not set]", 
       "CPUWeight": "[not set]", 
       "CacheDirectoryMode": "0755", 
       "CanIsolate": "no", 
       "CanReload": "yes", 
       "CanStart": "yes", 
       "CanStop": "yes", 
       "CapabilityBoundingSet": "cap_chown cap_dac_override cap_dac_read_search cap_fowner cap_fsetid cap_kill cap_setgid cap_setuid cap_setpcap cap_linux_immutable cap_net_bind_service cap_net_broadcast cap_net_admin cap_net_raw cap_ipc_lock cap_ipc_owner cap_sys_module cap_sys_rawio cap_sys_chroot cap_sys_ptrace cap_sys_pacct cap_sys_admin cap_sys_boot cap_sys_nice cap_sys_resource cap_sys_time cap_sys_tty_config cap_mknod cap_lease cap_audit_write cap_audit_control cap_setfcap cap_mac_override cap_mac_admin cap_syslog cap_wake_alarm cap_block_suspend", 
       "CollectMode": "inactive", 
       "ConditionResult": "yes", 
       "ConditionTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:39:37 CST", 
       "ConditionTimestampMonotonic": "142777470480", 
       "ConfigurationDirectoryMode": "0755", 
       "Conflicts": "shutdown.target", 
       "ControlPID": "0", 
       "DefaultDependencies": "yes", 
       "Delegate": "no", 
       "Description": "A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server", 
       "DevicePolicy": "auto", 
       "Documentation": "man:nginx(8)", 
       "DynamicUser": "no", 
       "ExecMainCode": "1", 
       "ExecMainExitTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:40:44 CST", 
       "ExecMainExitTimestampMonotonic": "142844360751", 
       "ExecMainPID": "18374", 
       "ExecMainStartTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:39:37 CST", 
       "ExecMainStartTimestampMonotonic": "142777512889", 
       "ExecMainStatus": "0", 
       "ExecReload": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; -s reload ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }", 
       "ExecStart": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }", 
       "ExecStartPre": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }", 
       "ExecStop": "{ path=/sbin/start-stop-daemon ; argv[]=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid ; ignore_errors=yes ; start_time=[Mon 2021-03-22 09:40:44 CST] ; stop_time=[Mon 2021-03-22 09:40:44 CST] ; pid=18896 ; code=exited ; status=0 }", 
       "FailureAction": "none", 
       "FileDescriptorStoreMax": "0", 
       "FragmentPath": "/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service", 
       "GID": "[not set]", 
       "GuessMainPID": "yes", 
       "IOAccounting": "no", 
       "IOSchedulingClass": "0", 
       "IOSchedulingPriority": "0", 
       "IOWeight": "[not set]", 
       "IPAccounting": "no", 
       "IPEgressBytes": "18446744073709551615", 
       "IPEgressPackets": "18446744073709551615", 
       "IPIngressBytes": "18446744073709551615", 
       "IPIngressPackets": "18446744073709551615", 
       "Id": "nginx.service", 
       "IgnoreOnIsolate": "no", 
       "IgnoreSIGPIPE": "yes", 
       "InactiveEnterTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:40:44 CST", 
       "InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "142844376947", 
       "InactiveExitTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:39:37 CST", 
       "InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "142777471184", 
       "InvocationID": "ad68a26de02746e1a69eda34a1f55e78", 
       "JobRunningTimeoutUSec": "infinity", 
       "JobTimeoutAction": "none", 
       "JobTimeoutUSec": "infinity", 
       "KeyringMode": "private", 
       "KillMode": "mixed", 
       "KillSignal": "15", 
       "LimitAS": "infinity", 
       "LimitASSoft": "infinity", 
       "LimitCORE": "infinity", 
       "LimitCORESoft": "0", 
       "LimitCPU": "infinity", 
       "LimitCPUSoft": "infinity", 
       "LimitDATA": "infinity", 
       "LimitDATASoft": "infinity", 
       "LimitFSIZE": "infinity", 
       "LimitFSIZESoft": "infinity", 
       "LimitLOCKS": "infinity", 
       "LimitLOCKSSoft": "infinity", 
       "LimitMEMLOCK": "16777216", 
       "LimitMEMLOCKSoft": "16777216", 
       "LimitMSGQUEUE": "819200", 
       "LimitMSGQUEUESoft": "819200", 
       "LimitNICE": "0", 
       "LimitNICESoft": "0", 
       "LimitNOFILE": "4096", 
       "LimitNOFILESoft": "1024", 
       "LimitNPROC": "15553", 
       "LimitNPROCSoft": "15553", 
       "LimitRSS": "infinity", 
       "LimitRSSSoft": "infinity", 
       "LimitRTPRIO": "0", 
       "LimitRTPRIOSoft": "0", 
       "LimitRTTIME": "infinity", 
       "LimitRTTIMESoft": "infinity", 
       "LimitSIGPENDING": "15553", 
       "LimitSIGPENDINGSoft": "15553", 
       "LimitSTACK": "infinity", 
       "LimitSTACKSoft": "8388608", 
       "LoadState": "loaded", 
       "LockPersonality": "no", 
       "LogLevelMax": "-1", 
       "LogsDirectoryMode": "0755", 
       "MainPID": "0", 
       "MemoryAccounting": "no", 
       "MemoryCurrent": "[not set]", 
       "MemoryDenyWriteExecute": "no", 
       "MemoryHigh": "infinity", 
       "MemoryLimit": "infinity", 
       "MemoryLow": "0", 
       "MemoryMax": "infinity", 
       "MemorySwapMax": "infinity", 
       "MountAPIVFS": "no", 
       "MountFlags": "", 
       "NFileDescriptorStore": "0", 
       "NRestarts": "0", 
       "Names": "nginx.service", 
       "NeedDaemonReload": "no", 
       "Nice": "0", 
       "NoNewPrivileges": "no", 
       "NonBlocking": "no", 
       "NotifyAccess": "none", 
       "OOMScoreAdjust": "0", 
       "OnFailureJobMode": "replace", 
       "PIDFile": "/run/nginx.pid", 
       "PermissionsStartOnly": "no", 
       "Perpetual": "no", 
       "PrivateDevices": "no", 
       "PrivateNetwork": "no", 
       "PrivateTmp": "no", 
       "PrivateUsers": "no", 
       "ProtectControlGroups": "no", 
       "ProtectHome": "no", 
       "ProtectKernelModules": "no", 
       "ProtectKernelTunables": "no", 
       "ProtectSystem": "no", 
       "RefuseManualStart": "no", 
       "RefuseManualStop": "no", 
       "RemainAfterExit": "no", 
       "RemoveIPC": "no", 
       "Requires": "system.slice sysinit.target", 
       "Restart": "no", 
       "RestartUSec": "100ms", 
       "RestrictNamespaces": "no", 
       "RestrictRealtime": "no", 
       "RestrictSUIDSGID": "no", 
       "Result": "success", 
       "RootDirectoryStartOnly": "no", 
       "RuntimeDirectoryMode": "0755", 
       "RuntimeDirectoryPreserve": "no", 
       "RuntimeMaxUSec": "infinity", 
       "SameProcessGroup": "no", 
       "SecureBits": "0", 
       "SendSIGHUP": "no", 
       "SendSIGKILL": "yes", 
       "Slice": "system.slice", 
       "StandardError": "inherit", 
       "StandardInput": "null", 
       "StandardInputData": "", 
       "StandardOutput": "journal", 
       "StartLimitAction": "none", 
       "StartLimitBurst": "5", 
       "StartLimitIntervalUSec": "10s", 
       "StartupBlockIOWeight": "[not set]", 
       "StartupCPUShares": "[not set]", 
       "StartupCPUWeight": "[not set]", 
       "StartupIOWeight": "[not set]", 
       "StateChangeTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:40:44 CST", 
       "StateChangeTimestampMonotonic": "142844376947", 
       "StateDirectoryMode": "0755", 
       "StatusErrno": "0", 
       "StopWhenUnneeded": "no", 
       "SubState": "dead", 
       "SuccessAction": "none", 
       "SyslogFacility": "3", 
       "SyslogLevel": "6", 
       "SyslogLevelPrefix": "yes", 
       "SyslogPriority": "30", 
       "SystemCallErrorNumber": "0", 
       "TTYReset": "no", 
       "TTYVHangup": "no", 
       "TTYVTDisallocate": "no", 
       "TasksAccounting": "yes", 
       "TasksCurrent": "[not set]", 
       "TasksMax": "4665", 
       "TimeoutStartUSec": "1min 30s", 
       "TimeoutStopUSec": "5s", 
       "TimerSlackNSec": "50000", 
       "Transient": "no", 
       "Type": "forking", 
       "UID": "[not set]", 
       "UMask": "0022", 
       "UnitFilePreset": "enabled", 
       "UnitFileState": "enabled", 
       "UtmpMode": "init", 
       "WantedBy": "multi-user.target", 
       "WatchdogTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
       "WatchdogUSec": "0"
   }
}

查看端口是否打开：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'ss -ntl'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
State    Recv-Q    Send-Q        Local Address:Port        Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN   0         128                 0.0.0.0:80               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128           127.0.0.53%lo:53               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                 0.0.0.0:22               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         5                 127.0.0.1:631              0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                    [::]:80                  [::]:*       
LISTEN   0         128                    [::]:22                  [::]:*       
LISTEN   0         5                     [::1]:631                 [::]:*

关闭服务：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m service -a 'name=nginx state=stopped'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "name": "nginx", 
    "state": "stopped", 
    "status": {
        "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST", 
        "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "175347622573", 
        "ActiveExitTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:40:44 CST", 
        "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "142844354134", 
        "ActiveState": "active", 
        "After": "network.target basic.target sysinit.target systemd-journald.socket system.slice", 
        "AllowIsolate": "no", 
        "AmbientCapabilities": "", 
        "AssertResult": "yes", 
        "AssertTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST", 
        "AssertTimestampMonotonic": "175347601844", 
        "Before": "multi-user.target shutdown.target", 
        "BlockIOAccounting": "no", 
        "BlockIOWeight": "[not set]", 
        "CPUAccounting": "no", 
        "CPUQuotaPerSecUSec": "infinity", 
        "CPUSchedulingPolicy": "0", 
        "CPUSchedulingPriority": "0", 
        "CPUSchedulingResetOnFork": "no", 
        "CPUShares": "[not set]", 
        "CPUUsageNSec": "[not set]", 
        "CPUWeight": "[not set]", 
        "CacheDirectoryMode": "0755", 
        "CanIsolate": "no", 
        "CanReload": "yes", 
        "CanStart": "yes", 
        "CanStop": "yes", 
        "CapabilityBoundingSet": "cap_chown cap_dac_override cap_dac_read_search cap_fowner cap_fsetid cap_kill cap_setgid cap_setuid cap_setpcap cap_linux_immutable cap_net_bind_service cap_net_broadcast cap_net_admin cap_net_raw cap_ipc_lock cap_ipc_owner cap_sys_module cap_sys_rawio cap_sys_chroot cap_sys_ptrace cap_sys_pacct cap_sys_admin cap_sys_boot cap_sys_nice cap_sys_resource cap_sys_time cap_sys_tty_config cap_mknod cap_lease cap_audit_write cap_audit_control cap_setfcap cap_mac_override cap_mac_admin cap_syslog cap_wake_alarm cap_block_suspend", 
        "CollectMode": "inactive", 
        "ConditionResult": "yes", 
        "ConditionTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST", 
        "ConditionTimestampMonotonic": "175347601844", 
        "ConfigurationDirectoryMode": "0755", 
        "Conflicts": "shutdown.target", 
        "ControlGroup": "/system.slice/nginx.service", 
        "ControlPID": "0", 
        "DefaultDependencies": "yes", 
        "Delegate": "no", 
        "Description": "A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server", 
        "DevicePolicy": "auto", 
        "Documentation": "man:nginx(8)", 
        "DynamicUser": "no", 
        "ExecMainCode": "0", 
        "ExecMainExitTimestampMonotonic": "0", 
        "ExecMainPID": "22759", 
        "ExecMainStartTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST", 
        "ExecMainStartTimestampMonotonic": "175347622554", 
        "ExecMainStatus": "0", 
        "ExecReload": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; -s reload ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }", 
        "ExecStart": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST] ; stop_time=[Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST] ; pid=22758 ; code=exited ; status=0 }", 
        "ExecStartPre": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST] ; stop_time=[Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST] ; pid=22757 ; code=exited ; status=0 }", 
        "ExecStop": "{ path=/sbin/start-stop-daemon ; argv[]=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid ; ignore_errors=yes ; start_time=[Mon 2021-03-22 09:40:44 CST] ; stop_time=[Mon 2021-03-22 09:40:44 CST] ; pid=18896 ; code=exited ; status=0 }", 
        "FailureAction": "none", 
        "FileDescriptorStoreMax": "0", 
        "FragmentPath": "/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service", 
        "GID": "[not set]", 
        "GuessMainPID": "yes", 
        "IOAccounting": "no", 
        "IOSchedulingClass": "0", 
        "IOSchedulingPriority": "0", 
        "IOWeight": "[not set]", 
        "IPAccounting": "no", 
        "IPEgressBytes": "18446744073709551615", 
        "IPEgressPackets": "18446744073709551615", 
        "IPIngressBytes": "18446744073709551615", 
        "IPIngressPackets": "18446744073709551615", 
        "Id": "nginx.service", 
        "IgnoreOnIsolate": "no", 
        "IgnoreSIGPIPE": "yes", 
        "InactiveEnterTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 09:40:44 CST", 
        "InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "142844376947", 
        "InactiveExitTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST", 
        "InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "175347602530", 
        "InvocationID": "6e3770c5fdf64e2a887f7fd8c52b061b", 
        "JobRunningTimeoutUSec": "infinity", 
        "JobTimeoutAction": "none", 
        "JobTimeoutUSec": "infinity", 
        "KeyringMode": "private", 
        "KillMode": "mixed", 
        "KillSignal": "15", 
        "LimitAS": "infinity", 
        "LimitASSoft": "infinity", 
        "LimitCORE": "infinity", 
        "LimitCORESoft": "0", 
        "LimitCPU": "infinity", 
        "LimitCPUSoft": "infinity", 
        "LimitDATA": "infinity", 
        "LimitDATASoft": "infinity", 
        "LimitFSIZE": "infinity", 
        "LimitFSIZESoft": "infinity", 
        "LimitLOCKS": "infinity", 
        "LimitLOCKSSoft": "infinity", 
        "LimitMEMLOCK": "16777216", 
        "LimitMEMLOCKSoft": "16777216", 
        "LimitMSGQUEUE": "819200", 
        "LimitMSGQUEUESoft": "819200", 
        "LimitNICE": "0", 
        "LimitNICESoft": "0", 
        "LimitNOFILE": "4096", 
        "LimitNOFILESoft": "1024", 
        "LimitNPROC": "15553", 
        "LimitNPROCSoft": "15553", 
        "LimitRSS": "infinity", 
        "LimitRSSSoft": "infinity", 
        "LimitRTPRIO": "0", 
        "LimitRTPRIOSoft": "0", 
        "LimitRTTIME": "infinity", 
        "LimitRTTIMESoft": "infinity", 
        "LimitSIGPENDING": "15553", 
        "LimitSIGPENDINGSoft": "15553", 
        "LimitSTACK": "infinity", 
        "LimitSTACKSoft": "8388608", 
        "LoadState": "loaded", 
        "LockPersonality": "no", 
        "LogLevelMax": "-1", 
        "LogsDirectoryMode": "0755", 
        "MainPID": "22759", 
        "MemoryAccounting": "no", 
        "MemoryCurrent": "[not set]", 
        "MemoryDenyWriteExecute": "no", 
        "MemoryHigh": "infinity", 
        "MemoryLimit": "infinity", 
        "MemoryLow": "0", 
        "MemoryMax": "infinity", 
        "MemorySwapMax": "infinity", 
        "MountAPIVFS": "no", 
        "MountFlags": "", 
        "NFileDescriptorStore": "0", 
        "NRestarts": "0", 
        "Names": "nginx.service", 
        "NeedDaemonReload": "no", 
        "Nice": "0", 
        "NoNewPrivileges": "no", 
        "NonBlocking": "no", 
        "NotifyAccess": "none", 
        "OOMScoreAdjust": "0", 
        "OnFailureJobMode": "replace", 
        "PIDFile": "/run/nginx.pid", 
        "PermissionsStartOnly": "no", 
        "Perpetual": "no", 
        "PrivateDevices": "no", 
        "PrivateNetwork": "no", 
        "PrivateTmp": "no", 
        "PrivateUsers": "no", 
        "ProtectControlGroups": "no", 
        "ProtectHome": "no", 
        "ProtectKernelModules": "no", 
        "ProtectKernelTunables": "no", 
        "ProtectSystem": "no", 
        "RefuseManualStart": "no", 
        "RefuseManualStop": "no", 
        "RemainAfterExit": "no", 
        "RemoveIPC": "no", 
        "Requires": "system.slice sysinit.target", 
        "Restart": "no", 
        "RestartUSec": "100ms", 
        "RestrictNamespaces": "no", 
        "RestrictRealtime": "no", 
        "RestrictSUIDSGID": "no", 
        "Result": "success", 
        "RootDirectoryStartOnly": "no", 
        "RuntimeDirectoryMode": "0755", 
        "RuntimeDirectoryPreserve": "no", 
        "RuntimeMaxUSec": "infinity", 
        "SameProcessGroup": "no", 
        "SecureBits": "0", 
        "SendSIGHUP": "no", 
        "SendSIGKILL": "yes", 
        "Slice": "system.slice", 
        "StandardError": "inherit", 
        "StandardInput": "null", 
        "StandardInputData": "", 
        "StandardOutput": "journal", 
        "StartLimitAction": "none", 
        "StartLimitBurst": "5", 
        "StartLimitIntervalUSec": "10s", 
        "StartupBlockIOWeight": "[not set]", 
        "StartupCPUShares": "[not set]", 
        "StartupCPUWeight": "[not set]", 
        "StartupIOWeight": "[not set]", 
        "StateChangeTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST", 
        "StateChangeTimestampMonotonic": "175347622573", 
        "StateDirectoryMode": "0755", 
        "StatusErrno": "0", 
        "StopWhenUnneeded": "no", 
        "SubState": "running", 
        "SuccessAction": "none", 
        "SyslogFacility": "3", 
        "SyslogLevel": "6", 
        "SyslogLevelPrefix": "yes", 
        "SyslogPriority": "30", 
        "SystemCallErrorNumber": "0", 
        "TTYReset": "no", 
        "TTYVHangup": "no", 
        "TTYVTDisallocate": "no", 
        "TasksAccounting": "yes", 
        "TasksCurrent": "5", 
        "TasksMax": "4665", 
        "TimeoutStartUSec": "1min 30s", 
        "TimeoutStopUSec": "5s", 
        "TimerSlackNSec": "50000", 
        "Transient": "no", 
        "Type": "forking", 
        "UID": "[not set]", 
        "UMask": "0022", 
        "UnitFilePreset": "enabled", 
        "UnitFileState": "enabled", 
        "UtmpMode": "init", 
        "WantedBy": "multi-user.target", 
        "WatchdogTimestamp": "Mon 2021-03-22 18:42:27 CST", 
        "WatchdogTimestampMonotonic": "175347622572", 
        "WatchdogUSec": "0"
    }
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'ss -ntl'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
State    Recv-Q    Send-Q        Local Address:Port        Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN   0         128           127.0.0.53%lo:53               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                 0.0.0.0:22               0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         5                 127.0.0.1:631              0.0.0.0:*       
LISTEN   0         128                    [::]:22                  [::]:*       
LISTEN   0         5                     [::1]:631                 [::]:*

10. user 模块

用来管理用户账号，添加和删除一个用户：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m user -a 'name=moyasu uid=88888'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 1001, 
    "home": "/home/moyasu", 
    "name": "moyasu", 
    "shell": "/bin/sh", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 88888
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'cat /etc/passwd |grep moyasu'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
moyasu:x:88888:1001::/home/moyasu:/bin/sh
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m user -a 'name=moyasu state=absent'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "force": false, 
    "name": "moyasu", 
    "remove": false, 
    "state": "absent"
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'cat /etc/passwd |grep moyasu'
node1 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
non-zero return code

11. group 模块

用于添加或删除组：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m group -a 'name=hello gid=99999'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 99999, 
    "name": "hello", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'cat /etc/group |grep 99999'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hello:x:99999:
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m group -a 'name=hello state=absent'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "name": "hello", 
    "state": "absent"
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'cat /etc/group |grep 99999'
node1 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
non-zero return code

12. script 模块

用于将本机的脚本在被管理的机器上执行：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# cat /tmp/df.sh 
#!/bin/bash

date >> /tmp/disk_total.log
df -lh >> /tmp/disk_total.log
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# chmod +x /tmp/df.sh 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m script -a '/tmp/df.sh'
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.100.28 closed.\r\n", 
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to 192.168.100.28 closed."
    ], 
    "stdout": "", 
    "stdout_lines": []
}
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# 
root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m shell -a 'cat /tmp/disk_total.log'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
2021年 03月 22日 星期一 18:59:44 CST
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           394M  1.7M  392M   1% /run
/dev/sda1       9.8G  6.2G  3.2G  66% /
tmpfs           2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop2       15M   15M     0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/399
/dev/loop1      4.3M  4.3M     0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/544
/dev/loop0      1.0M  1.0M     0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/81
/dev/loop3      161M  161M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/116
/dev/loop4       90M   90M     0 100% /snap/core/8268
/dev/loop5      3.8M  3.8M     0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/127
/dev/loop6       45M   45M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1440
/dev/loop7       55M   55M     0 100% /snap/core18/1668
tmpfs           394M   52K  394M   1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs           394M     0  394M   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs           394M   20K  394M   1% /run/user/121
/dev/loop8       56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/1988
/dev/loop9      100M  100M     0 100% /snap/core/10859
/dev/loop10     384K  384K     0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/570
/dev/loop11     2.5M  2.5M     0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/884
/dev/loop12     2.3M  2.3M     0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/157
/dev/loop13     640K  640K     0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/103
/dev/loop14      65M   65M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop15     163M  163M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/145
/dev/loop16     219M  219M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66

13. setup 模块

该模块主要用于收集信息，是通过调用facts组件来实现的：

root@ansible-server:~/liusu# ansible Client -m setup -a 'filter="*mem*"'
node1 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_memfree_mb": 413, 
        "ansible_memory_mb": {
            "nocache": {
                "free": 2677, 
                "used": 1258
            }, 
            "real": {
                "free": 413, 
                "total": 3935, 
                "used": 3522
            }, 
            "swap": {
                "cached": 0, 
                "free": 472, 
                "total": 472, 
                "used": 0
            }
        }, 
        "ansible_memtotal_mb": 3935, 
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    }, 
    "changed": false
}
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