/**
* Promise 实现 遵循promise/A+规范
* Promise/A+规范译文:
* https://malcolmyu.github.io/2015/06/12/Promises-A-Plus/#note-4
*/
// promise 三个状态
const PENDING = "pending";
const FULFILLED = "fulfilled";
const REJECTED = "rejected";
function Promise(excutor) {
let that = this; // 缓存当前promise实例对象
that.status = PENDING; // 初始状态
that.value = undefined; // fulfilled状态时 返回的信息
that.reason = undefined; // rejected状态时 拒绝的原因
that.onFulfilledCallbacks = []; // 存储fulfilled状态对应的onFulfilled函数
that.onRejectedCallbacks = []; // 存储rejected状态对应的onRejected函数
function resolve(value) { // value成功态时接收的终值
if(value instanceof Promise) {
return value.then(resolve, reject);
}
// 为什么resolve 加setTimeout?
// 2.2.4规范 onFulfilled 和 onRejected 只允许在 execution context 栈仅包含平台代码时运行.
// 注1 这里的平台代码指的是引擎、环境以及 promise 的实施代码。实践中要确保 onFulfilled 和 onRejected 方法异步执行,且应该在 then 方法被调用的那一轮事件循环之后的新执行栈中执行。
setTimeout(() => {
// 调用resolve 回调对应onFulfilled函数
if (that.status === PENDING) {
// 只能由pedning状态 => fulfilled状态 (避免调用多次resolve reject)
that.status = FULFILLED;
that.value = value;
that.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach(cb => cb(that.value));
}
});
}
function reject(reason) { // reason失败态时接收的拒因
setTimeout(() => {
// 调用reject 回调对应onRejected函数
if (that.status === PENDING) {
// 只能由pedning状态 => rejected状态 (避免调用多次resolve reject)
that.status = REJECTED;
that.reason = reason;
that.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(cb => cb(that.reason));
}
});
}
// 捕获在excutor执行器中抛出的异常
// new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// throw new Error('error in excutor')
// })
try {
excutor(resolve, reject);
} catch (e) {
reject(e);
}
}
/**
* resolve中的值几种情况:
* 1.普通值
* 2.promise对象
* 3.thenable对象/函数
*/
/**
* 对resolve 进行改造增强 针对resolve中不同值情况 进行处理
* @param {promise} promise2 promise1.then方法返回的新的promise对象
* @param {[type]} x promise1中onFulfilled的返回值
* @param {[type]} resolve promise2的resolve方法
* @param {[type]} reject promise2的reject方法
*/
function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject) {
if (promise2 === x) { // 如果从onFulfilled中返回的x 就是promise2 就会导致循环引用报错
return reject(new TypeError('循环引用'));
}
let called = false; // 避免多次调用
// 如果x是一个promise对象 (该判断和下面 判断是不是thenable对象重复 所以可有可无)
if (x instanceof Promise) { // 获得它的终值 继续resolve
if (x.status === PENDING) { // 如果为等待态需等待直至 x 被执行或拒绝 并解析y值
x.then(y => {
resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
}, reason => {
reject(reason);
});
} else { // 如果 x 已经处于执行态/拒绝态(值已经被解析为普通值),用相同的值执行传递下去 promise
x.then(resolve, reject);
}
// 如果 x 为对象或者函数
} else if (x != null && ((typeof x === 'object') || (typeof x === 'function'))) {
try { // 是否是thenable对象(具有then方法的对象/函数)
let then = x.then;
if (typeof then === 'function') {
then.call(x, y => {
if(called) return;
called = true;
resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
}, reason => {
if(called) return;
called = true;
reject(reason);
})
} else { // 说明是一个普通对象/函数
resolve(x);
}
} catch(e) {
if(called) return;
called = true;
reject(e);
}
} else {
resolve(x);
}
}
/**
* [注册fulfilled状态/rejected状态对应的回调函数]
* @param {function} onFulfilled fulfilled状态时 执行的函数
* @param {function} onRejected rejected状态时 执行的函数
* @return {function} newPromsie 返回一个新的promise对象
*/
Promise.prototype.then = function(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
const that = this;
let newPromise;
// 处理参数默认值 保证参数后续能够继续执行
onFulfilled =
typeof onFulfilled === "function" ? onFulfilled : value => value;
onRejected =
typeof onRejected === "function" ? onRejected : reason => {
throw reason;
};
// then里面的FULFILLED/REJECTED状态时 为什么要加setTimeout ?
// 原因:
// 其一 2.2.4规范 要确保 onFulfilled 和 onRejected 方法异步执行(且应该在 then 方法被调用的那一轮事件循环之后的新执行栈中执行) 所以要在resolve里加上setTimeout
// 其二 2.2.6规范 对于一个promise,它的then方法可以调用多次.(当在其他程序中多次调用同一个promise的then时 由于之前状态已经为FULFILLED/REJECTED状态,则会走的下面逻辑),所以要确保为FULFILLED/REJECTED状态后 也要异步执行onFulfilled/onRejected
// 其二 2.2.6规范 也是resolve函数里加setTimeout的原因
// 总之都是 让then方法异步执行 也就是确保onFulfilled/onRejected异步执行
// 如下面这种情景 多次调用p1.then
// p1.then((value) => { // 此时p1.status 由pedding状态 => fulfilled状态
// console.log(value); // resolve
// // console.log(p1.status); // fulfilled
// p1.then(value => { // 再次p1.then 这时已经为fulfilled状态 走的是fulfilled状态判断里的逻辑 所以我们也要确保判断里面onFuilled异步执行
// console.log(value); // 'resolve'
// });
// console.log('当前执行栈中同步代码');
// })
// console.log('全局执行栈中同步代码');
//
if (that.status === FULFILLED) { // 成功态
return newPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
try{
let x = onFulfilled(that.value);
resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject); // 新的promise resolve 上一个onFulfilled的返回值
} catch(e) {
reject(e); // 捕获前面onFulfilled中抛出的异常 then(onFulfilled, onRejected);
}
});
})
}
if (that.status === REJECTED) { // 失败态
return newPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
try {
let x = onRejected(that.reason);
resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject);
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
});
});
}
if (that.status === PENDING) { // 等待态
// 当异步调用resolve/rejected时 将onFulfilled/onRejected收集暂存到集合中
return newPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
that.onFulfilledCallbacks.push((value) => {
try {
let x = onFulfilled(value);
resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject);
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
});
that.onRejectedCallbacks.push((reason) => {
try {
let x = onRejected(reason);
resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject);
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
});
});
}
};
/**
* Promise.all Promise进行并行处理
* 参数: promise对象组成的数组作为参数
* 返回值: 返回一个Promise实例
* 当这个数组里的所有promise对象全部变为resolve状态的时候,才会resolve。
*/
Promise.all = function(promises) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
let done = gen(promises.length, resolve);
promises.forEach((promise, index) => {
promise.then((value) => {
done(index, value)
}, reject)
})
})
}
function gen(length, resolve) {
let count = 0;
let values = [];
return function(i, value) {
values[i] = value;
if (++count === length) {
console.log(values);
resolve(values);
}
}
}
/**
* Promise.race
* 参数: 接收 promise对象组成的数组作为参数
* 返回值: 返回一个Promise实例
* 只要有一个promise对象进入 FulFilled 或者 Rejected 状态的话,就会继续进行后面的处理(取决于哪一个更快)
*/
Promise.race = function(promises) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
promises.forEach((promise, index) => {
promise.then(resolve, reject);
});
});
}
// 用于promise方法链时 捕获前面onFulfilled/onRejected抛出的异常
Promise.prototype.catch = function(onRejected) {
return this.then(null, onRejected);
}
Promise.resolve = function (value) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
resolve(value);
});
}
Promise.reject = function (reason) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
reject(reason);
});
}
/**
* 基于Promise实现Deferred的
* Deferred和Promise的关系
* - Deferred 拥有 Promise
* - Deferred 具备对 Promise的状态进行操作的特权方法(resolve reject)
*
*参考jQuery.Deferred
*url: http://api.jquery.com/category/deferred-object/
*/
Promise.deferred = function() { // 延迟对象
let defer = {};
defer.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
defer.resolve = resolve;
defer.reject = reject;
});
return defer;
}
/**
* Promise/A+规范测试
* npm i -g promises-aplus-tests
* promises-aplus-tests Promise.js
*/