问题描述：
我们在编写单个篇幅较长的工程文件或者希望实现一定自动化时，希望查看本文件中定义的各个变量数值，但又无法像外部引用那样直接取调当前文件的函数及变量（无法通过当前文件名自己调用自己），怎么办呢？
以一个简单的工程文件举例（以torch编写的CNN模型，假设我需要自动化获取定义的模型和输入数据）
import torch
# 加载并归一化 CIFAR10 使用 torchvision ,用它来加载 CIFAR10 数据非常简单
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
# 测试模型类
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, 3, 1)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, 3, 1)
self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout2d(0.25)
self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout2d(0.5)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(9216, 128)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(128, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv1(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = self.dropout1(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
x = self.fc1(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = self.dropout2(x)
x = self.fc2(x)
output = F.log_softmax(x, dim=1)
return output
if __name__ == '__main__':
inputs = torch.rand(100,1,28,28)
model = Net()
outputs = model(inputs)
其实方法非常简单，只需要在函数入口（main()）之后增加一行
print(vars())
vars()函数返回当前文件中定义的所有变量及其数值字典，可根据需要按键取值。
增加上诉代码后，即可获得所有本文件内定义的变量名及其数值（注意，此处编写了函数入口，故所得变量局限在main后所定义的变量，如果没有函数入口，则可能获得更多）
{'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000020C2187B1D0>, '__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__file__': 'C:/Users/Ming/Desktop/Data_Scan/dataset/user_project/CNN.py', '__cached__': None, 'Data_Scan': <module 'Data_Scan.Data_Scan' from 'C:\\Users\\Ming\\Desktop\\Data_Scan\\dataset\\user_project\\Data_Scan\\Data_Scan.py'>, 'os': <module 'os' from 'D:\\Anaconda3\\lib\\os.py'>, 'torch': <module 'torch' from 'D:\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\torch\\__init__.py'>, 'torchvision': <module 'torchvision' from 'D:\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\torchvision\\__init__.py'>, 'np': <module 'numpy' from 'D:\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\numpy\\__init__.py'>, 'nn': <module 'torch.nn' from 'D:\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\torch\\nn\\__init__.py'>, 'F': <module 'torch.nn.functional' from 'D:\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\torch\\nn\\functional.py'>, 'optim': <module 'torch.optim' from 'D:\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\torch\\optim\\__init__.py'>, 'DataLoader': torch.utils.data.dataloader.DataLoader, 'random_split': <function random_split at 0x0000020C7FCF4C80>, 'datasets': <module 'torchvision.datasets' from 'D:\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\torchvision\\datasets\\__init__.py'>, 'transforms': <module 'torchvision.transforms' from 'D:\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\torchvision\\transforms\\__init__.py'>, 'Parameter': <class 'torch.nn.parameter.Parameter'>, 'GlobalVar': <class '__main__.GlobalVar'>, 'set_demo_value': <function set_demo_value at 0x0000020C21771EA0>, 'get_demo_value': <function get_demo_value at 0x0000020C0937B2F0>, 'Other_class': <class '__main__.Other_class'>, 'Net': <class '__main__.Net'>, 'inputs': tensor([[[[0.7344, 0.7221, 0.3775, ..., 0.1456, 0.4173, 0.1059],
[0.5824, 0.5221, 0.2762, ..., 0.8132, 0.2255, 0.2311],
[0.1773, 0.4683, 0.1962, ..., 0.2351, 0.6717, 0.1142],
...,
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[0.3875, 0.4583, 0.8830, ..., 0.6935, 0.0203, 0.2442],
[0.7818, 0.9370, 0.9068, ..., 0.9229, 0.3036, 0.1981]]],
[[[0.5953, 0.2506, 0.9041, ..., 0.0700, 0.1833, 0.2394],
[0.5588, 0.5046, 0.9945, ..., 0.6974, 0.1267, 0.3933],
[0.2027, 0.2229, 0.7991, ..., 0.5924, 0.5577, 0.8238],
...,
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[0.9471, 0.1437, 0.7558, ..., 0.1063, 0.9973, 0.1087],
[0.8877, 0.8831, 0.1881, ..., 0.4767, 0.9263, 0.0139]]],
[[[0.7046, 0.4205, 0.6066, ..., 0.1125, 0.5717, 0.6282],
[0.2976, 0.5885, 0.2237, ..., 0.9201, 0.6602, 0.6795],
[0.9236, 0.0135, 0.5068, ..., 0.0867, 0.7639, 0.7302],
...,
[0.4463, 0.3907, 0.3878, ..., 0.9428, 0.1735, 0.2959],
[0.4188, 0.5531, 0.0064, ..., 0.4395, 0.3377, 0.5737],
[0.8159, 0.8144, 0.0210, ..., 0.8803, 0.3085, 0.1295]]],
...,
[[[0.0019, 0.6522, 0.2207, ..., 0.3137, 0.6120, 0.7767],
[0.6474, 0.3027, 0.6944, ..., 0.0067, 0.3140, 0.6002],
[0.9654, 0.4729, 0.0834, ..., 0.4091, 0.1174, 0.8615],
...,
[0.5061, 0.1485, 0.2215, ..., 0.8776, 0.0804, 0.9551],
[0.3418, 0.0274, 0.2392, ..., 0.1150, 0.7833, 0.0015],
[0.4600, 0.7864, 0.9587, ..., 0.3458, 0.1956, 0.6341]]],
[[[0.9838, 0.6317, 0.4013, ..., 0.0791, 0.3845, 0.8281],
[0.4231, 0.1473, 0.9044, ..., 0.3946, 0.1577, 0.9188],
[0.5200, 0.2634, 0.0811, ..., 0.6313, 0.4465, 0.9396],
...,
[0.6441, 0.8478, 0.9492, ..., 0.1710, 0.3072, 0.3238],
[0.0892, 0.5131, 0.1819, ..., 0.2852, 0.3984, 0.3618],
[0.7434, 0.0326, 0.8899, ..., 0.1583, 0.0354, 0.7608]]],
[[[0.5595, 0.7517, 0.5624, ..., 0.1907, 0.0827, 0.0921],
[0.8240, 0.4301, 0.4873, ..., 0.8661, 0.0602, 0.4451],
[0.1571, 0.7180, 0.1296, ..., 0.6806, 0.8869, 0.1016],
...,
[0.8107, 0.3100, 0.4136, ..., 0.8125, 0.8130, 0.3689],
[0.7064, 0.1423, 0.6972, ..., 0.5143, 0.2605, 0.0950],
[0.3544, 0.7985, 0.7994, ..., 0.3185, 0.9392, 0.4490]]]]), 'model': Net(
(conv1): Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
(conv2): Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
(dropout1): Dropout2d(p=0.25, inplace=False)
(dropout2): Dropout2d(p=0.5, inplace=False)
(fc1): Linear(in_features=9216, out_features=128, bias=True)
(fc2): Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True)
), 'outputs': tensor([[-2.3425, -2.2923, -2.3561, -2.1765, -2.3585, -2.1959, -2.3089, -2.3954,
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-2.2720, -2.3493],
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-2.3075, -2.3255]], grad_fn=<LogSoftmaxBackward>)}
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