1、什么是 Cookie
1、Cookie 翻译过来是饼干的意思
2、Cookie 是服务器通知客户端保存键值对的一种技术
3、客户端有了 Cookie 后,每次请求都发送给服务器
4、每个 Cookie 的大小不能超过 4kb
2、如何创建 Cookie
1、引入cookie
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache" />
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache" />
<meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Cookie</title>
<!--
规定页面上所有链接的默认 URL 和默认目标
要想有提示,必须输入工程路径地址
-->
<base href="http://localhost:8080/cookie_session/">
<style type="text/css">
ul li {
list-style: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<iframe name="target" width="500" height="500" style="float: left;"></iframe>
<div style="float: left;">
<ul>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=createCookie" target="target">Cookie的创建</a></li>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=getCookie" target="target">Cookie的获取</a></li>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=updateCookie" target="target">Cookie值的修改</a></li>
<li>Cookie的存活周期</li>
<li>
<ul>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=defaultLife" target="target">Cookie的默认存活时间(会话)</a></li>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=deleteNow" target="target">Cookie立即删除</a></li>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=life" target="target">Cookie存活3600秒(1小时)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="cookieServlet?action=test" target="target">Cookie的路径设置</a></li>
<li><a href="" target="target">Cookie的用户免登录练习</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
2、配置tomcat
启动后浏览器查看
3、BaseServlet
package com.lian.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public abstract class BaseServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 解决post乱码问题,设置请求的参数字符集为UTf-8
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
// action参数就可以用来判断是当前用户模块的哪一个操作
String action = req.getParameter("action");
// 定义一个Method方法对象
Method actionMethod;
try {
// 通过反射获取到与action字符串对应的操作方法
actionMethod = getClass().getDeclaredMethod(action,HttpServletRequest.class,HttpServletResponse.class);
// 调用Method对象的invoke函数执行方法
actionMethod.invoke(this,req,resp);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4、
public class CookieServlet extends BaseServlet{
/**
* 创建cookie
*/
protected void createCookie(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1、创建cookie对象
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key1", "value1");
//2、通知客户端保存
resp.addCookie(cookie);
resp.getWriter().write("Cookie创建成功");
}
}
5、web.xml配置CookieServlet的访问地址
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CookieServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.lian.servlet.CookieServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CookieServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/cookieServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
6、启动测试
3、获取Cookie
1、cookieUtils工具类
package com.lian.servlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
/**
* 从Cookies数组中获取指定的Cookie 工具类
*/
public class CookieUtils {
public static Cookie findCookie(String name,Cookie[] cookies){
if (name == null || cookies == null || cookies.length == 0){
return null;
}
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
if (name.equals(cookie.getName())){
return cookie;
}
}
return null;
}
}
2、获取cookie方法
public void getCookie(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception{
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
//获取到全部的Cookie键值对
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
// getName 方法返回 Cookie 的 key(名) // getValue 方法返回 Cookie 的 value 值
resp.getWriter().write("Cookie[" + cookie.getName() + "=" + cookie.getValue() + "] <br/>");
}
//获取到指定cookie名称的键值对
Cookie iWantCookie = CookieUtils.findCookie("key1", cookies);
// 如果不等于 null,说明赋过值,也就是找到了需要的 Cookie
if (iWantCookie != null) {
resp.getWriter().write("找到了需要的 Cookie");
}
}
4、Cookie 值的修改
public void updateCookie(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
//方案一:
// 1、先创建一个要修改的同名的 Cookie 对象
// 2、在构造器,同时赋于新的 Cookie 值
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key1","newValue1");
//3、调用 response.addCookie( Cookie ); 通知 客户端 保存修改
resp.addCookie(cookie);
/**
* 方案二:
* 1、先查找到需要修改的 Cookie 对象
* 2、调用 setValue()方法赋于新的 Cookie 值。
* 3、调用 response.addCookie()通知客户端保存修改
*/
Cookie cookieme = CookieUtils.findCookie("key1", req.getCookies());
if (cookieme != null){
cookieme.setValue("newCookie2");
}
resp.addCookie(cookieme);
}
5、Cookie的存活设置
setMaxAge()方法
0:无需关闭浏览器,立即删除cookie
-1:浏览器关闭后就删除cookie
正数:指定时间后自动删除kookie
/**
* cookie的默认存活时间
*/
public void defaultLife(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp){
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key1", "value1");
//设置存活时间,-1代表浏览器关闭后cookie失效
cookie.setMaxAge(-1);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
/**
* Cookie的存活时间
*/
public void deleteNow(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {
//1、先找到要删除的cookie对象
Cookie cookie = CookieUtils.findCookie("key1", req.getCookies());
if (cookie != null){
//2、调用setMaxAge方法设置存活时间,0代表马上删除,都不需要等待浏览器关闭
cookie.setMaxAge(0);
//3、将cookie响应回去
resp.addCookie(cookie);
resp.getWriter().write("key1的cookie已经被删除");
}
}
/**
* 指定时间内删除cookie
*/
public void life(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception{
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key1", "value1");
//设置cookie 一小时后被删除
cookie.setMaxAge(3600);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
resp.getWriter().write("已经创建了一个存活1小时的cookie");
}
6、Cookie有效路径path设置
public void test(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("path1", "path1");
//getContextPath 获取当前的工程路径,格式: /工程路径
cookie.setPath(req.getContextPath()+"/abc");
resp.addCookie(cookie);
resp.getWriter().write("创建了一个带有path路径的cookie");
}
7、Cookie练习之免用户名登录
1、login.jsp表单
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://localhost:8080/cookie_session/loginServlet" method="get">
用户名 <input type="text" name="username" value="${cookie.username.value}"><br>
密码 <input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
2、servlet程序
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
if ("pipi".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)){
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username", username);
//当前cookie一周内有效
cookie.setMaxAge(60*60*24*7);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
System.out.println("login success");
}else {
System.out.println("login fail");
}
}
}
3、配置web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.lian.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/loginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>