MySQL 常见操作指令

什么是SQL？

SQL（Structured Query Language）用于访问和操作数据库的结构化查询语言。

数据库包含一个或多个表，每个表均有名称标识，包含数据的记录（行）。

典型的SQL语句

1. SELEC语句

SELECT DISTINCT name
FROM accounts
WHERE mobile IS NOT NULL
  AND is_activated = TRUE
ORDER BY created_at;

SELECT *
FROM roles
WHERE project_id = -1
LIMIT 4;

-- 统计计算
SELECT count(id), sum(id), avg(id), max(project_id), min(project_id) project_id
FROM products
WHERE name LIKE '%o' AND name LIKE 'n%'
group by project_id;

SELECT *
FROM organizations_editions
WHERE edition_id BETWEEN 1 AND 7
  AND state in (2, 6);

-- having与group by联用，不能和where共存
SELECT project_id, string_agg(text(name), ', ')
FROM products
GROUP BY project_id
HAVING count(1) > 3;

-- exists语句
SELECT *
FROM products
WHERE EXISTS(SELECT * FROM projects WHERE projects.disabled = TRUE AND products.disabled = FALSE);

-- ALL && ANY(ANY任意匹配，有返回值；ALL需要全匹配，无返回)
SELECT *
FROM editions_modules
WHERE module_id = ANY (SELECT id FROM modules WHERE key = 'overview');

SELECT *
FROM editions_modules
WHERE module_id = ALL (SELECT id FROM modules WHERE key = 'overview');

-- SELECT INTO复制一个表old_table，到新数据库new_db的新new_table表
SELECT *
INTO new_table IN new_db
FROM old_table
WHERE condition;

2. INSERT INTO语句

INSERT INTO users_roles(user_id, role_id, enable)
VALUE(1, 1, TRUE)

3. UPDATE语句

UPDATE users
SET disabled = TRUE
WHERE email is NULL AND mobile IS NOT NULL;

4. DELETE语句

DELETE FROM users 
WHERE name IS NULL;

5. JOIN / INNER JOIN / LEFT JOIN / RIGHT JOIN / FULL JOIN / SELF JOIN