String、StringBuffer跟StringBuilder的区别

1、运行速度的差别：
StringBuilder（非线程安全） > StringBuffer（线程安全） > String（线程安全）
原因：
String为字符串常量，而StringBuilder和StringBuffer均为字符串变量，即String对象一旦创建之后该对象是不可更改的，但后两者的对象是变量，是可以更改的。
而StringBuilder和StringBuffer一个有考虑线程安全一个没有。

public class Test {
    static final int N=50000;
    @SuppressWarnings({ "unused", "null" })
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        long starTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
         String str = "";
         for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
             str += i;
         }
         long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
         System.out.println("String +=用时："+(endTime - starTime)+"毫秒");

         long starTime1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
         StringBuffer str1 = new StringBuffer();
         for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
             str1.append(i);
         }
         long endTime1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
         System.out.println("StringBuffer的append用时："+(endTime1 - starTime1)+"毫秒");

         long starTime2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
         StringBuilder str2 = new StringBuilder();
         for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
             str2.append(i);
         }
         long endTime2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
         System.out.println("StringBuffer的append用时："+(endTime2 - starTime2)+"毫秒");
    }
}

生成结果：
String +=用时：3427毫秒
StringBuffer的append用时：6毫秒
StringBuffer的append用时：2毫秒

StringBuffer 与 StringBuilder线程安全问题对比：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        testStringBuilderAndStringBuffer();
    }
    public static void testStringBuilderAndStringBuffer(){
        //证明StringBuffer线程安全，StringBuilder线程不安全
        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        CountDownLatch latch1 = new CountDownLatch(1000);
        CountDownLatch latch2 = new CountDownLatch(1000);
        for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                            stringBuilder.append(1);                    
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        } finally {
                            latch1.countDown();
                        } 
                }
            }).start();
        }
        for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                            stringBuffer.append(1); 
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        } finally {
                            latch2.countDown();
                        }
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            latch1.await();
            System.out.println(stringBuilder.length());
            latch2.await();         
            System.out.println(stringBuffer.length());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

输出结果：
999
1000

990
1000

996
1000