[Django] Django 连接 MySQL数据库 以及 makemigrations&migrate 过程详解总结

安装MySQL数据库

Django自带的是SQLite数据库的, 如果要使用MySQL数据库, 则需要重新安装, 安装教程参考
Centos7安装MySQL8过程详解笔记 (附相关错误解决办法)

安装mysqlclient包

• python访问mysql数据库 需要第三方包, Django推荐使用mysqlclient.
• 安装命令pip3 install mysqlclient

  (blog) [root@centos7 testBlog]# yum install mysqlclient
  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
   * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
   * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
   * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
   * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  No package mysqlclient available.
  Error: Nothing to do
  (blog) [root@centos7 testBlog]# pip3 install mysqlclient
  Collecting mysqlclient
    Using cached mysqlclient-1.4.6.tar.gz (85 kB)
      ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
       command: /root/env/blog/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-yl6cmbzb/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-yl6cmbzb/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-install-yl6cmbzb/mysqlclient/pip-egg-info
           cwd: /tmp/pip-install-yl6cmbzb/mysqlclient/
      Complete output (12 lines):
      /bin/sh: mysql_config: command not found
      /bin/sh: mariadb_config: command not found
      /bin/sh: mysql_config: command not found
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
        File "/tmp/pip-install-yl6cmbzb/mysqlclient/setup.py", line 16, in <module>
          metadata, options = get_config()
        File "/tmp/pip-install-yl6cmbzb/mysqlclient/setup_posix.py", line 61, in get_config
          libs = mysql_config("libs")
        File "/tmp/pip-install-yl6cmbzb/mysqlclient/setup_posix.py", line 29, in mysql_config
          raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (_mysql_config_path,))
      OSError: mysql_config not found
      ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
  

• 上述报错显示mysql_config变量未找到, 需要安装mysql相关依赖
  yum install mysql-devel
  安装成功后, 继续执行pip3 install mysqlclient

  (blog) [root@centos7 bin]# pip3 install mysqlclient
  Collecting mysqlclient
    Using cached mysqlclient-1.4.6.tar.gz (85 kB)
  Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
    Building wheel for mysqlclient (setup.