读入挂模板 常用

inline int read()
{
    char ch = getchar(); int x = 0, f = 1;
    while(ch < '0' || ch > '9') {if(ch == '-') f = -1; ch = getchar();}
    while('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') {x = x * 10 + ch - '0'; ch = getchar();}
    return x * f;
}


//x=read()

struct Istream
{
    template <class T>
    Istream &operator >>(T &x)
    {
        static char ch;
        static bool neg;
        for(ch = neg = 0; ch < '0' || '9' < ch; neg |= ch == '-', ch = getchar());
        for(x = 0; '0' <= ch && ch <= '9'; (x *= 10) += ch - '0', ch = getchar());
        x = neg ? -x : x;
        return *this;
    }
} fin;
struct Ostream
{
    template <class T>
    Ostream &operator <<(T x)
    {
        x < 0 && (putchar('-'), x = -x);
        static char stack[233];
        static int top;
        for(top = 0; x; stack[++top] = x % 10 + '0', x /= 10);
        for(top == 0 && (stack[top = 1] = '0'); top; putchar(stack[top--]));
        return *this;
    }
    Ostream &operator <<(char ch)
    {
        putchar(ch);
        return *this;
    }
} fout;

//fin>>x;
//fout<<x;

template <class T>
void read(T &x)
{
    static char ch;
    static bool neg;
    for(ch = neg = 0; ch < '0' || '9' < ch; neg |= ch == '-', ch = getchar());
    for(x = 0; '0' <= ch && ch <= '9'; (x *= 10) += ch - '0', ch = getchar());
    x = neg ? -x : x;
}
//read(x);