Linux中搭建 Postfix 邮件服务器

搭建背景：公司决定搭建邮件服务器，实现内部和外部交流的电子化，因为Linux系统稳定、安全性较好，该公司决定在Linux系统中搭建postfix邮件服务器，邮件服务器mail.pengqi.com能够实现一对一的邮件收发。

Postfix安装及启动

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># rpm -qa | grep postfix</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span>

红帽6.5系统中默认安装了postfix软件，可以使用以上命令查看是否安装包，如果没有安装，请使用以下命令进行安装即可；

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># yum -y install postfix</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span>

启动、停止、重启服务：

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># service postfix start</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span>

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># service postfix stop</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span>

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># service postfix restart</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span>

设置开机自启动：

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># chkconfig postfix on</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span>

Postfix服务器配置步骤

在配置postfix服务器前应该先给服务器分配一个有效的ip地址，如192.168.15.137，并且在DNS服务器上把mail.pengqi.com解析到192.168.15.137，并添加邮件交换记录。

postfix的主配置文件是/etc/postfix/main.cf,如果对文件不做修改，则默认监听127.0.0.1的邮件收发，需要修改为如下内容：

myhostname=mail.pengqi.com   设置邮件服务器主机名

mydomain=pengqi.com    指定主机域名

myorigin=$mydomain    设置邮件所使用的主机名和域名

inet_interfaces=al    l设置监听端口

inet_interfaces=192.168.15.137    postfix使用的ip

mydestination=$mydomain    设置可接受邮件的主机名和域名

mynetworks=192.168.18.0/24    设置可转发的邮件网络

relay_domain=pengqi.com    设置可转发的邮件域名

最后重启邮件服务才能使服务生效，最好是关闭防火墙和selinux进行测试。

Telnet测试

请安装Telnet和Telnet-server软件进行测试：

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># telnet 192.168.15.137 25</span>

Trying 192.168.15.137<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">..</span>.

Connected to 192.168.15.137.

Escape character is <span class="prism-token prism-string">'^]'</span><span class="prism-token prism-keyword">.</span>

220 mail.pengqi.com ESMTP Postfix<span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span>

若出现以上信息则客户端可以正常使用邮件服务器。

IMAP和POP3服务器配置步骤

dovecot服务安装

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># yum -y install dovecot</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span>

dovecot的基本配置

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span>

protocols = imap pop3 lmtp

listen = *, ::

login_trusted_networks =192.168.18.0/24

要启用pop和IMAP服务，则要去掉如下内容的#号

指定邮件存储格式和位置

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf </span>

mail_location <span class="prism-token prism-operator">=</span> maildir:~/Maildir /将该参数前的<span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true">#号去掉，在24行</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span>

启动dovecot服务

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># service dovecot start</span>

正在启动 Dovecot Imap： <span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>确定<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span>

添加邮件用户账户

下面添加两个用户进行测试，可以用useradd和password添加账户和修改密码

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># useradd pengqi_li</span>

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># passwd pengqi_li</span>

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># useradd pengqi_liu</span>

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>root@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span><span class="prism-token prism-comment" spellcheck="true"># passwd pengqi_liu</span><span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span>

mail命令测试邮件服务器

pengqi_li用邮箱pengqi_li@pengqi.com发邮件到邮箱pengqi_liu@pengqi.com

1、请使用pengqi_li登录系统，注意，不是用su指令，在家目录下创建mailliu的测试文档，文档内容自拟；

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>pengqi_li@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span>$ vim mailliu

嗨喽 pengqi_liu，这是一封测试邮件！！！<span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span>

2、将邮件发给pengqi_liu的邮箱pengqi_liu@pengqi.com

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>pengqi_li@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span>$ mail -s <span class="prism-token prism-string">'hello pengqi_liu'</span> pengqi_liu@pengqi.com<span class="prism-token prism-operator"><</span>mailliu<span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span>

3、用pengqi_liu用户登录系统，输入mail命令，查看邮件

Bash

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>pengqi_liu@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span>$ mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08. Type ? <span class="prism-token prism-keyword">for</span> help.

<span class="prism-token prism-string">"/var/spool/mail/pengqi_liu"</span><span class="prism-token prism-keyword">:</span> 1 message

<span class="prism-token prism-operator">></span> 1 pengqi_li@pengqi.com Fri Jun 8 05:01 19/641 <span class="prism-token prism-string">"hello pengqi_liu"</span>

<span class="prism-token prism-operator">&</span> <span class="prism-token prism-function">more</span> //输入more

Message 1:

From pengqi_li@pengqi.com Fri Jun 8 05:01:45 2018

Return-Path: <span class="prism-token prism-operator"><</span>pengqi_li@pengqi.com<span class="prism-token prism-operator">></span>

X-Original-To: pengqi_liu@pengqi.com

Delivered-To: pengqi_liu@pengqi.com

Date: Fri, 08 Jun 2018 05:01:45 +0800

To: pengqi_liu@pengqi.com

Subject: hello pengqi_liu

User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08

Content-Type: text/plain<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">;</span> charset<span class="prism-token prism-operator">=</span>utf-8

From: pengqi_li@pengqi.com

Status: RO

嗨喽 pengqi_liu，这是一封测试邮件！！！ 邮件内容

<span class="prism-token prism-operator">&</span> quit 输入quit退出

Held 1 message <span class="prism-token prism-keyword">in</span> /var/spool/mail/pengqi_liu

<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">[</span>pengqi_liu@pengqi ~<span class="prism-token prism-punctuation">]</span>$<span class="prism-line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span>

    至此，实现一对一的邮件通信已经完成了！