第八章 习题8-1-习题8-10

条件状态知识点：

参考博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/yulianggo/p/9357175.html

iostate类型，是一种四个位集合类型：goodbit、badbit、eofbit、failbit，相应的函数good（）、bad（）、eof（）、bad（）返回bool类型的值，如果被置位,，则返回true，否则为false。

在我的机器里，和博主的不一样，rdstate 求解时返回状态__Mystate

	enum _Iostate
		{	// constants for stream states
		_Statmask = 0x17};

	static constexpr _Iostate goodbit = (_Iostate)0x0;
	static constexpr _Iostate eofbit = (_Iostate)0x1;
	static constexpr _Iostate failbit = (_Iostate)0x2;
	static constexpr _Iostate badbit = (_Iostate)0x4;
_Mystate = (iostate)(_State & _Statmask);

这里对枚举类型赋值，我也不是很清楚，但是算法方面，求解状态：_Mystate = (iostate)(_State & _Statmask);可以得到流的状态；goodbit对应：0000，eofbit对应0001，failbit对应0010,badbit对应0100；

代码验证：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	int a;
	cin >> a;
	cout << "bad:" << endl;
	cout << cin.badbit << endl;
	cout << cin.bad() << endl;
	cout << "fail:" << endl;
	cout << cin.failbit << endl;
	cout << cin.fail() << endl;
	cout << "good:" << endl;
	cout << cin.goodbit << endl;
	cout << cin.good() << endl;
	cout << "eof:" << endl;
	cout << cin.eofbit << endl;
	cout << cin.eof() << endl;
	cout << cin.rdstate() << endl;

	cin.clear(cin.goodbit);
	cout << "bad:" << endl;
	cout << cin.badbit << endl;
	cout << cin.bad() << endl;
	cout << "fail:" << endl;
	cout << cin.failbit << endl;
	cout << cin.fail() << endl;
	cout << "good:" << endl;
	cout << cin.goodbit << endl;
	cout << cin.good() << endl;
	cout << "eof:" << endl;
	cout << cin.eofbit << endl;
	cout << cin.eof() << endl;
	cout << cin.rdstate() << endl;

	cin.clear(~cin.goodbit);
	
	cout << "bad:" << endl;
	cout << cin.badbit << endl;
	cout << cin.bad() << endl;
	cout << "fail:" << endl;
	cout << cin.failbit << endl;
	cout << cin.fail() << endl;
	cout << "good:" << endl;
	cout << cin.goodbit << endl;
	cout << cin.good() << endl;
	cout << "eof:" << endl;
	cout << cin.eofbit << endl;
	cout << cin.eof() << endl;
	cout << cin.rdstate() << endl;
}

习题8-1和习题8-2

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
istream & func(istream &a)
{
	string str;
	while (!a.eof())
	{
		a >> str;
		cout << str;
	}
	cout << endl;
	a.clear();
	return a;
}
void main()
{
	cout<<func(cin).good()<<endl;

}

习题8-3

bad、eof、fail在对应错误位置时，cin会在错误状态，即循环中止；

习题8-4

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void read(vector<string> &vec)
{
	ifstream ifstrm;
	string str;
	ifstrm.open("data.txt");
	while(!ifstrm.eof())
	{
		getline(ifstrm,str);
		vec.push_back(str);
	}
	ifstrm.close();
}
void main()
{
	vector<string> vstr;
	read(vstr);
	for (auto i = vstr.begin(); i != vstr.end(); ++i)
		cout << *i << endl;
}

习题8-5

将getline（ifstrm，str）改成ifstrm>>str

习题8-6

打开一个文件，将cin替换成ifstrem就行；

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    ifstream ifs(argv[1]);

    if (ifs) {
        Sales_data total;
        if (read(ifs, total)) {     // ifstream继承与istream，因此这里可以直接使用文件流。
            Sales_data trans;
            while (read(ifs, trans)) {
                if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn()) {
                    total.combine(trans);
                }
                else {
                    print(cout, total) << endl;
                    total = trans;
                }
            }
            print(cout, total) << endl;
        }
        else {
            cout << "No data?" << endl;
        }
    }
    else {
        cout << "file name error?" << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

习题8-7

将ofstrem替换cout

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    ifstream ifstrm(argv[0]);
    ofstrem  ofs（argv[1]）;

    if (ifs) {
        Sales_data total;
        if (read(ifs, total)) {     // ifstream继承与istream，因此这里可以直接使用文件流。
            Sales_data trans;
            while (read(ifs, trans)) {
                if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn()) {
                    total.combine(trans);
                }
                else {
                    print(ofs, total) << endl;
                    total = trans;
                }
            }
            print(ofs, total) << endl;
        }
        else {
            cout << "No data?" << endl;
        }
    }
    else {
        cout << "file name error?" << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

习题8-8

将    ofstrem  ofs（argv[1]）;改成    ofstrem  ofs（argv[1]，ofstrem::app）;

习题8-9

#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
istream & func(istream &a)
{
	string str;
	while(!a.eof())
	{
		a >> str;
		cout << str;
	}
	cout << endl;
	a.clear();
	return a;
}
void main()
{
	istringstream iss("hello! how are you?");
	cout << func(iss).good() << endl;

}

习题8-10

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

void main()
{
	
	ifstream ifs;
	ifs.open("data.txt");
	vector<string> strv;
	string line,word;
	getline(ifs, line);
	ifs.close();
	istringstream iss(line);
	while (iss >> word)
		strv.push_back(word);
	for (auto i = strv.begin(); i != strv.end(); ++i)
		cout << *i << endl;


}