java生成二维码和解析内容以及传输

一. 背景:

小熙最近项目常用到二维码,但都是前端生成的,所以小熙想是否后端可以替代下。于是小熙特意查找些相关资料,分享下学习结果。

二. 引入依赖和工具类:

  1. 谷歌提供的依赖坐标(可去中央仓库搜索适合自己的版本,搜索:ZXing Core)

           <!--谷歌二维码提供依赖-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
                <artifactId>core</artifactId>
                <version>3.4.0</version>
            </dependency>
    
  2. 谷歌原始提供工具类

    	package com.chengxi.datalom.utils.qRCode;
    	 
    	import java.awt.Graphics2D;
    	import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
    	import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    	import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
    	 
    	/**
    	 * 程熙cjp:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41133233
    	 * 缓冲图片工具类
    	 *
    	 * @author chengxi
    	 * @date 2020-6-13
    	 */
    	public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
    	 
    		private final BufferedImage image;
    		private final int left;
    		private final int top;
    	 
    		public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
    			this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
    		}
    	 
    		public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
    			super(width, height);
    	 
    			int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
    			int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
    			if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
    				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
    			}
    	 
    			for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
    				for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
    					if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
    						image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); 
    					}
    				}
    			}
    	 
    			this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
    			this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
    			this.left = left;
    			this.top = top;
    		}
    	
    		@Override
    		public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
    			if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
    				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
    			}
    			int width = getWidth();
    			if (row == null || row.length < width) {
    				row = new byte[width];
    			}
    			image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
    			return row;
    		}
    	
    		@Override
    		public byte[] getMatrix() {
    			int width = getWidth();
    			int height = getHeight();
    			int area = width * height;
    			byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
    			image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
    			return matrix;
    		}
    	
    		@Override
    		public boolean isCropSupported() {
    			return true;
    		}
    	
    		@Override
    		public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
    			return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height);
    		}
    	
    		@Override
    		public boolean isRotateSupported() {
    			return true;
    		}
    	
    		@Override
    		public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
    			int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
    			int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
    			AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
    			BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
    			Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
    			g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
    			g.dispose();
    			int width = getWidth();
    			return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
    		}
    	 
    	}
    
    
  3. 封装工具类(直接使用,可根据自己的喜好,修改内部的长宽等非必要参数)

    	package com.chengxi.datalom.utils.qRCode;
    	 
    	import java.awt.BasicStroke;
    	import java.awt.Graphics;
    	import java.awt.Graphics2D;
    	import java.awt.Image;
    	import java.awt.Shape;
    	import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
    	import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    	import java.io.File;
    	import java.io.OutputStream;
    	import java.util.Hashtable;
    	import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    	import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
    	import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
    	import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
    	import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
    	import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
    	import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
    	import com.google.zxing.Result;
    	import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
    	import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
    	import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
    	
    	/**
    	 * 程熙cjp:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41133233
    	 * 二维码图片生成工具类
    	 *
    	 * @author chengxi
    	 * @date 2020-6-13
    	 */
    	public class QRCodeUtil {
    		private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
    		private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
    		// 二维码尺寸
    		private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
    		// LOGO宽度
    		private static final int WIDTH = 60;
    		// LOGO高度
    		private static final int HEIGHT = 60;
    	
    		/**
    		 * 创建图片
    		 * @param content
    		 * @param imgPath
    		 * @param needCompress
    		 * @return
    		 * @throws Exception
    		 */
    		private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    			Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
    			hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
    			hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
    			hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
    			BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE,
    					hints);
    			int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
    			int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
    			BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    			for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
    				for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
    					image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
    				}
    			}
    			if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
    				return image;
    			}
    			// 插入图片
    			QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
    			return image;
    		}
    	
    		/**
    		 * 插入图片
    		 * @param source
    		 * @param imgPath
    		 * @param needCompress
    		 * @throws Exception
    		 */
    		private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    			File file = new File(imgPath);
    			if (!file.exists()) {
    				System.err.println("" + imgPath + "   该文件不存在!");
    				return;
    			}
    			Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
    			int width = src.getWidth(null);
    			int height = src.getHeight(null);
    			if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
    				if (width > WIDTH) {
    					width = WIDTH;
    				}
    				if (height > HEIGHT) {
    					height = HEIGHT;
    				}
    				Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
    				BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    				Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
    				// 绘制缩小后的图
    				g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); 
    				g.dispose();
    				src = image;
    			}
    			// 插入LOGO
    			Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
    			int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
    			int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
    			graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
    			Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
    			graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
    			graph.draw(shape);
    			graph.dispose();
    		}
    	
    		/**
    		 * 编码
    		 * @param content
    		 * @param imgPath
    		 * @param destPath
    		 * @param needCompress
    		 * @throws Exception
    		 */
    		public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    			BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
    			mkdirs(destPath);
    			// String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
    			// ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
    			ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath));
    		}
    	
    		/**
    		 * 编码
    		 * @param content
    		 * @param imgPath
    		 * @param needCompress
    		 * @return
    		 * @throws Exception
    		 */
    		public static BufferedImage encode(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    			BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
    			return image;
    		}
    	
    		/**
    		 * 创建文件夹
    		 * @param destPath
    		 */
    		public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
    			File file = new File(destPath);
    			// 当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
    			if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
    				file.mkdirs();
    			}
    		}
    	
    		/**
    		 * 编码
    		 * @param content
    		 * @param imgPath
    		 * @param destPath
    		 * @throws Exception
    		 */
    		public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath) throws Exception {
    			QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
    		}
    		// 被注释的方法
    		/*
    		 * public static void encode(String content, String destPath, boolean
    		 * needCompress) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath,
    		 * needCompress); }
    		 */
    	
    		/**
    		 * 编码
    		 * @param content
    		 * @param destPath
    		 * @throws Exception
    		 */
    		public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
    			QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
    		}
    	
    		/**
    		 * 编码
    		 * @param content
    		 * @param imgPath
    		 * @param output
    		 * @param needCompress
    		 * @throws Exception
    		 */
    		public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress)
    				throws Exception {
    			BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
    			ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
    		}
    	
    		/**
    		 * 编码
    		 * @param content
    		 * @param output
    		 * @throws Exception
    		 */
    		public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception {
    			QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
    		}
    	
    		/**
    		 * 解码
    		 * @param file
    		 * @return
    		 * @throws Exception
    		 */
    		public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
    			BufferedImage image;
    			image = ImageIO.read(file);
    			if (image == null) {
    				return null;
    			}
    			BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
    			BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
    			Result result;
    			Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
    			hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
    			result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
    			String resultStr = result.getText();
    			return resultStr;
    		}
    	
    		/**
    		 * 解码
    		 * @param path
    		 * @return
    		 * @throws Exception
    		 */
    		public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
    			return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
    		}
    	 
    	}
    
    

三. 代码演示:

  1. 演示文字输出

    (1) 代码:

     	    // 添加内容
            String content = "小熙生成的二维码";
            // 嵌入图片路径
            String imgPath = "G:\\IDEAWorkSapse\\Test\\data-lom\\src\\main\\resources\\img\\007.jpg";
            // 生成二维码路径
            String destPath = "G:\\IDEAWorkSapse\\Test\\data-lom\\src\\main\\resources\\img\\001img.jpg";
            // 生成二维码
            QRCodeUtil.encode(content,imgPath,destPath,true);
            // 解析二维码
            String decode = QRCodeUtil.decode(destPath);
            // 打印解析内容
            System.out.println("decode: "+decode);
    

    (2)插入的图片
    文字
    (3)结果

    生成的二维码(扫码可打印出输入的文字):
    结果
    解析打印结果:
    consul

  2. 扫码跳转网址(只需要把内容替换成网址即可)
    小熙附上生成后二维码:
    在这里插入图片描述

四. base64传输工具(前后端分离推荐使用):

  1. 代码:

    	package com.chengxi.datalom.utils;
    	
    	import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
    	import org.springframework.util.Base64Utils;
    	 
    	import java.io.*;
    	
    	/**
    	 * 程熙cjp:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41133233
    	 *
    	 * 图片 与 Base64 互相转换
    	 * @author chengxi
    	 */
    	public class Base64Util {
    	
    	
    	    public static void main(String[] args) {
    	        String imgBase64Str = Base64Util.ImageToBase64ByLocal("G:\\IDEAWorkSapse\\Test\\data-lom\\src\\main\\resources\\img\\002img.jpg");
    	        System.out.println(imgBase64Str);
    	
    	        boolean b = Base64Util.Base64ToImage(imgBase64Str,"G:\\IDEAWorkSapse\\Test\\data-lom\\src\\main\\resources\\img\\test.jpg");
    	        System.out.println(b);
    	    }
    	
    	 
    	    /**
    	     * 本地图片转换成base64字符串
    	     * @param imgFile	本地图片全路径 (注意:带文件名)
    	     *  (将图片文件转化为字节数组字符串,并对其进行Base64编码处理)
    	     * @return
    	     */
    	    public static String ImageToBase64ByLocal(String imgFile) {
    	        byte[] data = null;
    	 
    	        // 读取图片字节数组
    	        try {
    	            InputStream in = new FileInputStream(imgFile);
    	 
    	            data = new byte[in.available()];
    	            in.read(data);
    	            in.close();
    	        } catch (IOException e) {
    	            e.printStackTrace();
    	        }
    	 
    	       // 返回Base64编码过的字节数组字符串
    	        return Base64Utils.encodeToString(data);
    	    }
    	 
    	 
    	 
    	 
    	    /**
    	     * base64字符串转换成图片 (对字节数组字符串进行Base64解码并生成图片)
    	     * @param imgStr		base64字符串
    	     * @param imgFilePath	解析生成图片的存放路径  (注意:带文件名)
    	     * @return
    	     */
    	    public static boolean Base64ToImage(String imgStr,String imgFilePath) {
    	        // 图像数据为空
    	        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(imgStr)) {
    	            return false;
    	        }
    	
    	        try {
    	            // Base64解码
    	            byte[] b = Base64Utils.decodeFromString(imgStr);
    	            for (int i = 0; i < b.length; ++i) {
    	                // 调整异常数据
    	                if (b[i] < 0) {
    	                    b[i] += 256;
    	                }
    	            }
    	 
    	            OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(imgFilePath);
    	            out.write(b);
    	            out.flush();
    	            out.close();
    	 
    	            return true;
    	        } catch (Exception e) {
    	            return false;
    	        }
    	    }
    	
    	}
    
    

    如果是后端生成二维码,使用base64传输给前端或接收还是很方便的。

扫描上方二维码不迷路哟,以上就是小熙本次的分享了。

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