一. 背景:
小熙最近项目常用到二维码,但都是前端生成的,所以小熙想是否后端可以替代下。于是小熙特意查找些相关资料,分享下学习结果。
二. 引入依赖和工具类:
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谷歌提供的依赖坐标(可去中央仓库搜索适合自己的版本,搜索:ZXing Core)
<!--谷歌二维码提供依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId> <artifactId>core</artifactId> <version>3.4.0</version> </dependency>
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谷歌原始提供工具类
package com.chengxi.datalom.utils.qRCode; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource; /** * 程熙cjp:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41133233 * 缓冲图片工具类 * * @author chengxi * @date 2020-6-13 */ public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource { private final BufferedImage image; private final int left; private final int top; public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) { this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight()); } public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) { super(width, height); int sourceWidth = image.getWidth(); int sourceHeight = image.getHeight(); if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data."); } for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) { for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) { if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) { image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); } } } this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY); this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); this.left = left; this.top = top; } @Override public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) { if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y); } int width = getWidth(); if (row == null || row.length < width) { row = new byte[width]; } image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row); return row; } @Override public byte[] getMatrix() { int width = getWidth(); int height = getHeight(); int area = width * height; byte[] matrix = new byte[area]; image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix); return matrix; } @Override public boolean isCropSupported() { return true; } @Override public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) { return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height); } @Override public boolean isRotateSupported() { return true; } @Override public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() { int sourceWidth = image.getWidth(); int sourceHeight = image.getHeight(); AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth); BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY); Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics(); g.drawImage(image, transform, null); g.dispose(); int width = getWidth(); return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width); } }
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封装工具类(直接使用,可根据自己的喜好,修改内部的长宽等非必要参数)
package com.chengxi.datalom.utils.qRCode; import java.awt.BasicStroke; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Shape; import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.Hashtable; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat; import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap; import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType; import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType; import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader; import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter; import com.google.zxing.Result; import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix; import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer; import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel; /** * 程熙cjp:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41133233 * 二维码图片生成工具类 * * @author chengxi * @date 2020-6-13 */ public class QRCodeUtil { private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8"; private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG"; // 二维码尺寸 private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300; // LOGO宽度 private static final int WIDTH = 60; // LOGO高度 private static final int HEIGHT = 60; /** * 创建图片 * @param content * @param imgPath * @param needCompress * @return * @throws Exception */ private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { Hashtable hints = new Hashtable(); hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H); hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET); hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1); BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints); int width = bitMatrix.getWidth(); int height = bitMatrix.getHeight(); BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) { image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF); } } if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) { return image; } // 插入图片 QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress); return image; } /** * 插入图片 * @param source * @param imgPath * @param needCompress * @throws Exception */ private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { File file = new File(imgPath); if (!file.exists()) { System.err.println("" + imgPath + " 该文件不存在!"); return; } Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath)); int width = src.getWidth(null); int height = src.getHeight(null); if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO if (width > WIDTH) { width = WIDTH; } if (height > HEIGHT) { height = HEIGHT; } Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH); BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics g = tag.getGraphics(); // 绘制缩小后的图 g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); g.dispose(); src = image; } // 插入LOGO Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics(); int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2; int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2; graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null); Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6); graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f)); graph.draw(shape); graph.dispose(); } /** * 编码 * @param content * @param imgPath * @param destPath * @param needCompress * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress); mkdirs(destPath); // String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg"; // ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file)); ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath)); } /** * 编码 * @param content * @param imgPath * @param needCompress * @return * @throws Exception */ public static BufferedImage encode(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress); return image; } /** * 创建文件夹 * @param destPath */ public static void mkdirs(String destPath) { File file = new File(destPath); // 当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常) if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) { file.mkdirs(); } } /** * 编码 * @param content * @param imgPath * @param destPath * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false); } // 被注释的方法 /* * public static void encode(String content, String destPath, boolean * needCompress) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, * needCompress); } */ /** * 编码 * @param content * @param destPath * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false); } /** * 编码 * @param content * @param imgPath * @param output * @param needCompress * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception { BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress); ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output); } /** * 编码 * @param content * @param output * @throws Exception */ public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false); } /** * 解码 * @param file * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String decode(File file) throws Exception { BufferedImage image; image = ImageIO.read(file); if (image == null) { return null; } BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image); BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source)); Result result; Hashtable hints = new Hashtable(); hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET); result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints); String resultStr = result.getText(); return resultStr; } /** * 解码 * @param path * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String decode(String path) throws Exception { return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path)); } }
三. 代码演示:
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演示文字输出
(1) 代码:
// 添加内容 String content = "小熙生成的二维码"; // 嵌入图片路径 String imgPath = "G:\\IDEAWorkSapse\\Test\\data-lom\\src\\main\\resources\\img\\007.jpg"; // 生成二维码路径 String destPath = "G:\\IDEAWorkSapse\\Test\\data-lom\\src\\main\\resources\\img\\001img.jpg"; // 生成二维码 QRCodeUtil.encode(content,imgPath,destPath,true); // 解析二维码 String decode = QRCodeUtil.decode(destPath); // 打印解析内容 System.out.println("decode: "+decode);
(2)插入的图片
(3)结果生成的二维码(扫码可打印出输入的文字):
解析打印结果:
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扫码跳转网址(只需要把内容替换成网址即可)
小熙附上生成后二维码:
四. base64传输工具(前后端分离推荐使用):
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代码:
package com.chengxi.datalom.utils; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.springframework.util.Base64Utils; import java.io.*; /** * 程熙cjp:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41133233 * * 图片 与 Base64 互相转换 * @author chengxi */ public class Base64Util { public static void main(String[] args) { String imgBase64Str = Base64Util.ImageToBase64ByLocal("G:\\IDEAWorkSapse\\Test\\data-lom\\src\\main\\resources\\img\\002img.jpg"); System.out.println(imgBase64Str); boolean b = Base64Util.Base64ToImage(imgBase64Str,"G:\\IDEAWorkSapse\\Test\\data-lom\\src\\main\\resources\\img\\test.jpg"); System.out.println(b); } /** * 本地图片转换成base64字符串 * @param imgFile 本地图片全路径 (注意:带文件名) * (将图片文件转化为字节数组字符串,并对其进行Base64编码处理) * @return */ public static String ImageToBase64ByLocal(String imgFile) { byte[] data = null; // 读取图片字节数组 try { InputStream in = new FileInputStream(imgFile); data = new byte[in.available()]; in.read(data); in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // 返回Base64编码过的字节数组字符串 return Base64Utils.encodeToString(data); } /** * base64字符串转换成图片 (对字节数组字符串进行Base64解码并生成图片) * @param imgStr base64字符串 * @param imgFilePath 解析生成图片的存放路径 (注意:带文件名) * @return */ public static boolean Base64ToImage(String imgStr,String imgFilePath) { // 图像数据为空 if (StringUtils.isEmpty(imgStr)) { return false; } try { // Base64解码 byte[] b = Base64Utils.decodeFromString(imgStr); for (int i = 0; i < b.length; ++i) { // 调整异常数据 if (b[i] < 0) { b[i] += 256; } } OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(imgFilePath); out.write(b); out.flush(); out.close(); return true; } catch (Exception e) { return false; } } }
如果是后端生成二维码,使用base64传输给前端或接收还是很方便的。
扫描上方二维码不迷路哟,以上就是小熙本次的分享了。