C++primer plus---第三章

limit.cpp(64位操作系统)

short两个字节 2*8=16 maximum_values=2^16-1

#include<iostream>
#include<climits>
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	int n_int = INT_MAX;
	short n_short = SHRT_MAX;
	long n_long = LONG_MAX;
//	long long n_llong = LLONG_MAX;
	cout<<"int is "<<sizeof(int)<<" bytes."<<endl;
	cout<<"short is "<<sizeof n_short<<" bytes."<<endl;
	cout<<"long is "<<sizeof n_long<<" bytes."<<endl;
//	cout<<"long long is "<<sizeof n_llong<<"bytes."<<endl;
	cout<<endl;
	cout <<" Maximum values:"<<endl;
	cout << "int: "<<n_int<<endl;
	cout <<"short: "<<n_short <<endl;
	cout <<"long: "<<n_long <<endl;
//	cout <<"long long: "<<n_llong <<endl<<endl;
	cout <<" Minimum int values:"<<INT_MIN<<endl;
	cout <<"Bits per byte = " <<CHAR_BIT<<endl;
	return 0;
}

exceed.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include<climits>
#define ZERO 0
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	short sam = SHRT_MAX;
	unsigned short sue = sam;

	cout<<"Sam has "<<sam<<"dollars and sue has"<<sue<<"dollars deposited."<<endl;
	cout <<"Add $1 to each account."<<endl<<"Now ";
	sam = sam + 1;
	sue = sue + 1;
	cout<<"Sam has"<<sam<<" dollars and Sue has "<<sue;
	cout<<"dollars deposited.\nPoor Sam!"<<endl;
	sam = ZERO;
	sue = ZERO;
	cout << "Sam has "<< sam <<"dollars and sue has"<<sue<<"dollars deposited."<<endl;
	cout <<"Take $1 to each account."<<endl<<"Now ";
	sam = sam - 1;
	sue = sue - 1;
	cout<<"Sam has"<<sam<<" dollars and Sue has "<<sue;
	cout<<"dollars deposited."<<endl<<"Lucky sue!"<<endl;
	return 0;
}

该程序将一个short变量和unsigned short变量分别加1减1

无符号类型 unsigned==unsigned int 其优点是能增大变量能够存储的最大值。例如short表示的范围为-32768到32767，则无符号版short表示范围为0-65535.仅当数值不会为负数时应使用无符号类型，例如人口，粒数等。

 

转义序列的编码

 

const限定符

const限定符用来修改变量声明和初始化 初始化后其值就被固定了，编译器将不允许再修改该常量的值

 

类型转换

typecast.cpp

#include<iostream>
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	int auks,bats,coots;
	auks=19.99+11.99;
	bats = (int)19.99+(int)11.99;
	coots = int(19.99)+int(11.99);
	cout << "auks = "<< auks << ",bats = "<<bats;
	cout << ",coots = " << coots <<endl;
	char ch = 'Z';
	cout << "The code for " << ch << " is ";
	cout << int(ch) << endl;
	cout << "Yes,the code is ";
	cout << static_cast<int>(ch) <<endl;
	return 0;
}

static_cast<> 可用于将值从一种数值类型转换为另一种数值类型 (运算符static_cast<>比传统强制类型转换更严格)

C++中的auto声明