1.用户交互Scanner
基本语法
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
通过Scanner类的next()与nextLine()方法获取输入的字符串,在读取前我们一般需要使用hasNext()与hasNextLine()判断是否还有输入的数据。
next()
- 读取到有效字符后以空格为结束符,自动去除有效字符之前遇到的空白
- next()不能得到带有空格的字符串
nextLine()
- 以Enter为结束符
- 可以获取空白
2.顺序控制
3.选择结构
if(BooleanExpression){/*BooleanExp is true*/}
if(BooleanExpression){
//BooleanExp is true
}else{
//BooleanExp is false
}
if(BooleanExpression1){
//BooleanExp1 is true
}else if(BooleanExpression2){
//BooleanExp2 is true
}else{
//All above BooleanExps are false
}
switch(expression){
case value1:
// value can be byte, short, int, char, and String
break;
case value2:
// defualt and every break is optional
break;
default:
// executive expression is here
break;
}
4.循环结构
while(BooleanExpression){
//loop expression
}
do {
// loop expression
}while(BooleanExpression);
for(init; BooleanExpression; update){
// loop expression
}
int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30};
// enhanced for loop
for(int each:numbers){
System.out.println(each);
}
// for loop
for(int i=0; i<numbers.length; i++){
System.out.println(numbers[i]);
}
5.break & continue
break
- 退出循环
- switch语句中
continue
- 退出本次循环