1案例1:硬盘分区及格式化
1.1 问题
本例要求熟悉硬盘分区结构,使用fdisk分区工具在磁盘/dev/vdb上按以下要求建立分区:
- 采用默认msdos分区模式
- 第一个分区/dev/vdb1的大小为200MiB
- 第二个分区/dev/vdb2的大小为2000MiB
- 第三个分区/dev/vdb3的大小为1000MiB
完成分区后,能够配置开机自动挂载/dev/vdb2分区: - 文件系统类型为EXT4
- 将其挂载到/mnt/part2目录
1.2 方案
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:新建分区表
1)打开fdisk工具,操作磁盘/dev/vdb
[root@server0 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9ac1bc10.
Command (m for help): //交互操作提示信息
2)新建第1个分区/dev/vdb1
Command (m for help): n //新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p //类型为p(主分区)
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 //分区编号1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): //起始位置默认
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +200M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 MiB is set //结束位置+200MiB大小
Command (m for help): p //确认当前分区表
.. ..
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
3)新建第2个分区/dev/vdb2
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p //类型为p(主分区)
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 //分区编号2
First sector (411648-20971519, default 411648): //起始位置默认
Using default value 411648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (411648-20971519, default 20971519): +2000M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set //结束位置+2000MiB大小
Command (m for help): p //确认当前分区表
.. ..
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 411648 4507647 2048000 83 Linux
4)新建第3个分区/dev/vdb3
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (4507648-20971519, default 4507648):
Using default value 4507648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4507648-20971519, default 20971519): +1000M
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 1000 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p //确认当前分区表
.. ..
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 411648 4507647 2048000 83 Linux
/dev/vdb3 4507648 6555647 1024000 83 Linux
5)调整分区类型标识(可选)
将/dev/vdb1的类型(默认为83,表示EXT2/3/4分区)修改为8e(LVM设备):
Command (m for help): t //修改分区类型标识
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 1 //指定第1个分区
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e //类型改为8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p //确认当前分区表
.. ..
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 411647 204800 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vdb2 411648 4507647 2048000 83 Linux
/dev/vdb3 4507648 6555647 1024000 83 Linux
6)保存分区更改,退出fdisk分区工具
Command (m for help): w //保存并退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
7)刷新分区表
[root@server0 ~]# partprobe /dev/vdb //重新检测磁盘分区
//或者
[root@server0 ~]# reboot //对已使用中磁盘的分区调整,应该重启一次
.. ..
步骤二:格式化及挂载
1)将分区/dev/vdb2格式化为EXT4文件系统
[root@server0 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb2
.. ..
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
2)配置开机自动挂载
[root@server0 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
.. ..
/dev/vdb2 /mnt/part2 ext4 defaults 0 0
3)创建挂载点,并验证挂载配置
[root@server0 ~]# mkdir /mnt/part2 //创建挂载点
[root@server0 ~]# mount -a //挂载fstab中的可用设备
[root@server0 ~]# df -hT /mnt/part2/ //检查文档所在的文件系统及设备
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vdb2 ext4 1.9G 5.9M 1.8G 1% /mnt/part2