计算机网络相关论文翻译(1)A Brief Overview of the NEBULA Future Internet Architecture

    在计算机网络的学习中,由于网络近年来井喷式的发展,阅读一些论文是很有必要的,既有助于学习,也对网络能有更深的理解,后面,将会阅读一些计算机网络相关的论文,并将其翻译上传。

    第一篇,选的是关于未来互联网架构的一个设想。

    论文标题及作者:



    原文及翻译,原文下载链接戳文末链接:

 文中出现的一些缩写名词的解释

NEBULA就是NEBULA,整篇论文都围绕这玩意展开,简单来说,就是一种新颖的未来互联网架构,可解决云计算的网络挑战。

Zodiac百度翻译成星座……放在原文里怎么看都很奇怪……正儿八经的翻译是黄道带黄道十二宫图,在文中实在不知道应该翻译成什么,就直接引用原文了。

CGMcontinuous glucose monitor, 连续血糖监测仪,原文中是用来举例子用的,和我们讨论的内容没啥关系。

CCNContent-Centric Networking,以内容为中心的网络

NCorethe network core 中心网络

NDPthe NEBULA data plane  NEBULA数据平面

NVENTthe NEBULA Virtual and Extensible Networking Techniques NEBULA虚拟可扩展网络技术

ICINGpath verification mechanism 路径验证机

POCproof of consent  同意证明

POPs proofs of provenance 出处证明?源出证明?感觉翻译得好接地气

HIPAAHIPAA全称为:Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act/1996Public Law 104-19,尚没有确切的正式中文名称,国内文献一般直接称为HIPAA法案,有的称为健康保险携带和责任法案,也有取其意为医疗电子交换法案;台湾有文献翻译为义务型可携带式健康保险法案。(虽然这个翻译这么长但是它依然和我们讨论的内容没有什么卵关系,它只是用来举例的)

PS:翻译中红色的字体是我的吐槽/翻译中不确定的地方/注解

 

A Brief Overview of the NEBULA Future Internet Architectur

NEBULA的未来互联网体系结构简介

NEBULA is a proposal for a Future Internet Architecture. It is based on the assumptions that: (1) cloud computing will comprise an increasing fraction of the application workload offered to an Internet, and (2) that access to cloud computing resources will demand new architectural features from a network. Features that we have identified include dependability, security, flexibility and extensibility, the entirety of which constitute resilience. NEBULA provides resilient networking services using ultrareliable routers, an extensible control plane and use of multiple paths upon which arbitrary policies may be enforced. We report on a prototype system, Zodiac, that incorporates these latter two features.

NEBULA是一个未来的互联网架构的建议proposal。它基于这样的假设:(1云计算将构成提供给互联网的应用工作负载的一小部分;2),访问云计算资源将需求一种新的网络结构特征new architectural features from a network.。其中我们已经确定的特征包括可靠性、安全性、灵活性和可扩展这些构成整体的弹性the entirety of which constitute resilienceNEBULA通过使用超可靠的路由器,可扩展的控制平面以及多条路径的使用来提供弹性网络服务,并可以实施任意策略。我们报告的是一个原型系统,Zodiac,包含了后者的两个特征。

 

1. INTRODUCTION

引言

The Internet architecture [8, 23, 9] is an obvious success, with interesting applications continuing to emerge at a rapid pace. However, certain applications categories remain a concern. Imagine, for example, a healthcare application that might use a future Internet: a diabetic wears both an insulin pump and a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). Data from the CGM are sent over the network to a data center every 5 minutes, while other data such as images of meals, accelerometer readings of activity, etc., are sent as needed. These data are logged, and analyzed against both historical data from the individual and anonymized masses of data from other data sources. Machine learning algorithms are used to estimate appropriate micro-dosages of insulin to be delivered by the pump, as well as to detect anomalies that might can be forwarded to human experts who can ensure that no medical problem has occurred. Dosage values are downloaded using the network into the patient’s insulin pump.

互联网架构[8,23,9]取得了明显的成功,有趣的应用程序正在以飞快的速度不断涌现。但是,某些应用程序的类别仍然是一个问题。想象一下,例如,可能使用未来互联网的医疗保健应用程序:糖尿病患者同时佩戴胰岛素泵和连续血糖监测仪(CGM)。来自CGM的数据每5分钟通过网络发送到数据中心,而其他数据(如膳食图像,加速度计活动读数等)则根据需要发送。这些数据将被记录下来,并根据个人的历史数据和来自其他数据源的大量匿名数据进行分析。机器学习算法用于估计胰岛素的适当微量剂量,以及检测是否有异常情况,若存在异常,将会转发给人类专家,来确定时候发生医疗问题。剂量值会通过网络下载到患者的胰岛素泵中。

Such a healthcare application has clear dependability and security requirements. Such needs are clearly shared by other applications, including teleoperation of vehicles, telemanufacturing tasks such as remote 3-D printing, and remote feedback scenarios such as telesurgery. The challenge in designing an architecture, as opposed to a solution to a specific problem, is that one must anticipate the emergence of unanticipated applications. Any future Internet must preserve the existing Internet’s flexibility and extensibility while accommodating important new classes of applications, such as those sketched above. A key question is whether to attempt to enumerate many possible futures and accommodate all of them, or to pick a likely future and do research towards enabling that choice. 

如上所述的医疗应用具有明确的可靠性和安全性要求。而其他应用程序同样这些需求,包括车辆遥控操作,遥控制造任务(如远程3D打印)和远程反馈场景(如远程手术)。与解决特定问题相比,设计架构所面临的挑战是必须预见出现意料之外的应用程序。任何未来的互联网必须保持现有的互联网的灵活性和可扩展性,同时适应重要的新类别的应用程序,例如上面描述的那些。一个关键的问题是是否试图列举许多可能的未来,并容纳所有这些未来,或选择一个可能的未来并进行研究以实现这一选择。

We chose the latter strategy, and focused NEBULA on cloud computing, as we discuss further in Section 3. We report on our architectural choices in Section 4, discuss integration in Section 5, an initial prototype in Section 6, some initial reflections on the project in Section 7 and conclude in Section 8.

我们选择后一种策略,并将NEBULA集中在云计算上,我们将在第3部分进一步讨论。我们在第4部分汇报了我们的架构选择,第5部分讨论了集成,第6部分讨论了初始原型,对项目进行了一些初步反思在第7节和第8节结束。

 

2. BACKGROUND/RELATEDWORK

背景/相关

Network design has many dimensions, but history has shown that extensibility to meet unanticipated application needs is extremely important. Telephony achieved extensibility by refining services offered using programmable switches , but premises equipment evolved more slowly.

网络设计有许多维度,但是历史表明,满足未预料到的应用需求的可扩展性是非常重要的。 电话通过使用可编程交换机提供服务(refining services??啥服务?)来实现可扩展性,但是前提设备(premises equipment的演变速度更慢。

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