11.python与flask的结合应用（一）

一. 忘记密码

思维导图：

系统识别用户的方案，选用第二种或第三种， 第一种不安全。我们这里选择第二种方法

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二.first_or_404

在app/forms/auth.py增加EmailForm:

class EmailForm(Form):
    email = StringField(validators=[DataRequired(), Length(min=8, max=64), Email(message='电子邮件格式错误')])

编写app/web/auth.py的forget_password_request视图函数：

@web.route('/reset/password', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def forget_password_request():
    form = EmailForm(request.form)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if form.validate():
            account_email = form.email.fata
            user = User.query.filter_by(email=account_email).first_or_404()  # 如果不存在，会抛异常， 即后面的代码不会再执行了
            #
            # user = User.query.filter_by(email = account_email).first()
            # if user:
            #     pass
            # else:
            #     flash('账号不存在')

    return render_template('auth/forget_password_request.html', form=form)

first_or_404查询出来的是None的话， 会自动抛出异常。并且后面的代码不会继续执行。

---

三. callable可调用对象的意义 ( __ call __ )

我们来看一下first_or_404的源码:

class BaseQuery(orm.Query):
    """SQLAlchemy :class:`~sqlalchemy.orm.query.Query` subclass with convenience methods for querying in a web application.

    This is the default :attr:`~Model.query` object used for models, and exposed as :attr:`~SQLAlchemy.Query`.
    Override the query class for an individual model by subclassing this and setting :attr:`~Model.query_class`.
    """

    def get_or_404(self, ident):
        """Like :meth:`get` but aborts with 404 if not found instead of returning ``None``."""

        rv = self.get(ident)
        if rv is None:
            abort(404)
        return rv

    def first_or_404(self):
        """Like :meth:`first` but aborts with 404 if not found instead of returning ``None``."""

        rv = self.first()
        if rv is None:
            abort(404)
        return rv
    ···

first_or_404是flask_sqlalchemy的BaseQuery的方法， 我们继续看一下first_or_404中abort方法:

def abort(status, *args, **kwargs):
    '''
    Raises an :py:exc:`HTTPException` for the given status code or WSGI
    application::

        abort(404)  # 404 Not Found
        abort(Response('Hello World'))

    Can be passed a WSGI application or a status code.  If a status code is
    given it's looked up in the list of exceptions and will raise that
    exception, if passed a WSGI application it will wrap it in a proxy WSGI
    exception and raise that::

       abort(404)
       abort(Response('Hello World'))

    '''
    return _aborter(status, *args, **kwargs)    #_aborter是一个对象,