Docker学习三常用命令（帮助命令，镜像命令，容器命令，常用其他命令）

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-22 23:58:59 发布

无极的移动代码

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-22 23:58:59 发布

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker 学习容器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41270824/article/details/123492264

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帮助命令

docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统（system）信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker --help # 帮助命令，可以看到全部的帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/

镜像命令

docker images
查看本地主机上的镜像

这个可以使用–help查看这“一个”命令的相关帮助信息
在这里插入图片描述

[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   6 months ago   13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY   镜像的仓库源
TAG                 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID        镜像的ID
CREATED         镜像的创建时间
SIZE                 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a,  --all            # 列出所有镜像
-q,  --quiet       # 只显示镜像的ID

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                                    DESCRIPTION                                 STARS    OFFICIAL     AUTOMATED
mysql                                     MySQL is a widely used,…             11385     [OK]       
mariadb                                 MariaDB Server is a high…             4319      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server               Optimized MySQL Server…            846                           [OK]
percona                                  Percona Server is a fork…              551        [OK]       
phpmyadmin                         phpMyAdmin - A web…                 314        [OK]       
centos/mysql-57-centos7     MySQL 5.7 SQL database server     91                
... ... ...                                     ... ... ...                                               ... ...        ... ... ...          ... ... ...
# 可选项，通过搜藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000             # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的

在这里插入图片描述
可选项，通过搜藏来过滤

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像  docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest                    # 如果不写tag（版本），默认就是latest（最后一个最新版本）
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a330b6cecb98: Pull complete           # 分层下载，docker image的核心，后面会说一个联合文件系统
9c8f656c32b8: Pull complete 
88e473c3f553: Pull complete 
062463ea5d2f: Pull complete 
daf7e3bdf4b6: Pull complete 
1839c0b7aac9: Pull complete 
cf0a0cfee6d0: Pull complete 
1b42041bb11e: Pull complete 
10459d86c7e6: Pull complete 
b7199599d5f9: Pull complete 
1d6f51e17d45: Pull complete 
50e0789bacad: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:99e0989e7e3797cfbdb8d51a19d32c8d286dd8862794d01a547651a896bcf00c      # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest            # 真实地址
# 等价于它（相同的）
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest  
# 指定版本下载
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a330b6cecb98: Already exists 
9c8f656c32b8: Already exists 
88e473c3f553: Already exists 
062463ea5d2f: Already exists 
daf7e3bdf4b6: Already exists 
1839c0b7aac9: Already exists 
cf0a0cfee6d0: Already exists 
fae7a809788c: Pull complete 
dae5a82a61f0: Pull complete 
7063da9569eb: Pull complete 
51a9a9b4ef36: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

在这里插入图片描述

docker rmi 删除镜像

# 根据ID删除指定镜像
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker rmi -f 1d7aba917169
# 删除多个镜像
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id
# 删除全部的镜像
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

容器命令

说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器
因为我们学了linux，所以先下载一个centos镜像来学习

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name"     				容器名字，tomcat01 tomcat 02用来区分容器
-d                              后台方式运行
-it                             使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p                              指定容器的端口  -p    8080:8080
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口  
    -p  主机端口:容器端口（常用）
    -p  容器端口
    容器端口
-P    （大写）                    随机指定端口
# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
# 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
[root@27138e607d88 /]# ls             
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

在这里插入图片描述

退出容器，从容器中退出主机

[root@27138e607d88 /]# exit
exit
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# ls
env.txt  sa_recovery.log

列出所有运行的容器

# docker ps：列出当前正在运行的容器
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
# docker ps -a：列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
27138e607d88   centos         "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             nifty_knuth
a9d2bde35c33   d1165f221234   "/hello"      2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago               tender_cori
# docker ps -a -n=?：显示最近创建的?个容器
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
27138e607d88   centos    "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago   Exited (0) 3 minutes ago             nifty_knuth
# docker ps -q：只显示容器的编号

在这里插入图片描述

退出容器

exit                     # 直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q       # 容器不停止退出

在这里插入图片描述

删除容器

docker rm 容器id                             # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除就是rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)         # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm     # 删除所有容器

在这里插入图片描述

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id              # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id           # 重启
docker stop 容器id              # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id                 # 强制停止当前容器

在这里插入图片描述

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker run -d centos
b2766d3656270d6e24a3ccb7b8a72607e62367955e07e103f588709bdb9c9533
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
没有容器
# 问题docker ps，发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# 比如安装一个nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -tf --tail 容器id       
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     
2382115c04e3   centos  
# 显示日志
-tf                       # 显示日志
--tail number     # 要显示日志条数
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 2382115c04e3

查看容器中进程信息

# 命令   docker top 容器id
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker top 2382115c04e3
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 
root                20227               20164               0                   13:38               ?                  
root                22455               20227               0                   13:50               ?

查看镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z ~]# docker inspect 2382115c04e3
[
    {
        "Id": "2382115c04e3a04be0a3314d0a5ebd894118870a5ee7c4c717c2861feb740c8a", 
        "Created": "2021-09-09T05:38:12.324834866Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true; do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 20227,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-09-09T05:38:12.654779332Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2382115c04e3a04be0a3314d0a5ebd894118870a5ee7c4c717c2861feb740c8a/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2382115c04e3a04be0a3314d0a5ebd894118870a5ee7c4c717c2861feb740c8a/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2382115c04e3a04be0a3314d0a5ebd894118870a5ee7c4c717c2861feb740c8a/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2382115c04e3a04be0a3314d0a5ebd894118870a5ee7c4c717c2861feb740c8a/2382115c04e3a04be0a3314d0a5ebd894118870a5ee7c4c717c2861feb740c8a-json.log",
        "Name": "/focused_brattain",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ea0d40625eb312b3b786ba8591392cfaa7fcccac2342fbaffaf61e193a97ef10-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae7ea40a5f676425498a213d349a33ae47279e6d967ca8ae68899fc318f4c691/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ea0d40625eb312b3b786ba8591392cfaa7fcccac2342fbaffaf61e193a97ef10/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ea0d40625eb312b3b786ba8591392cfaa7fcccac2342fbaffaf61e193a97ef10/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ea0d40625eb312b3b786ba8591392cfaa7fcccac2342fbaffaf61e193a97ef10/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "2382115c04e3",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true; do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "3514405b5fa58af8745f6b646c42d14f63ec74f107d837f7f6b6b48f46cdcc6c",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/3514405b5fa5",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "0762e65693b6ee4a767c06ab4fa9f1c17177dd780c0bb08e0161995cb7ed94b2",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "d1738173ad84d5e4070c432a2342e7b5f95d1b47733599cc5a368ed2b660280e",
                    "EndpointID": "0762e65693b6ee4a767c06ab4fa9f1c17177dd780c0bb08e0161995cb7ed94b2",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
正在执行的代码。。。
# docker exec         # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach      # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
容器内是个小虚拟机，容器外是个大虚拟机，cp命令可以从容器内拷贝到外面

docker cp 容器id：容器内路径   目的的主机路径
# 查看当前主机目录下
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z home]# ls
admin  iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z.java  staragent  www
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
07aec6b1e909   centos    "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes             vigilant_moore
# 进入docker容器内部
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z home]# docker attach 07aec6b1e909
[root@07aec6b1e909 ~]# cd /home
[root@07aec6b1e909 home]# ls
# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@07aec6b1e909 home]# touch test.java
[root@07aec6b1e909 home]# exit
exit
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
07aec6b1e909   centos    "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago   Exited (0) 15 seconds ago             vigilant_moore
# 将这个文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z home]# docker cp 07aec6b1e909:/home/test.java /home
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z home]# ls
admin  iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z.java  staragent  test.java  www
[root@iz2zegy1k4araknrzdo982z home]# 
# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来使用 -v 卷的技术可以做到

小结

在这里插入图片描述

attach Attach to a running container # 当前shell下attach连接指定运行的镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a container changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #从容器中拷贝指定文件或目录到宿主机中
create Create a new container # 创建一个新的容器，同run,但不启动容器
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器的变化
events Get real time events from the server # 从docker服务获取容器实时事件
exec Run a command in a running container # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export Export a container filesystem as a tar archive # 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images # 列出系统当前的镜像
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem
image # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统镜像[对应export]
info Display system-wide information # 显示系统相关信息
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects # 查看容器详细信息
kill Kill one or more running containers # 杀死指定的docker容器
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN # 从一个tar包加载一个镜像[对应save]
login Log in to a Docker registry # 注册或者登录一个docker源服务器
logout Log out from a Docker registry # 从当前Dockerregistry退出
logs Fetch the logs of a container # 输出当前容器日志信息
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers #暂停容器
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container #查看映射端口对应容器内部源端口
ps List containers # 列出容器列表
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或库镜像
push Push an image or a repository to a registry # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
rename Rename a container # 给docker容器重新命名
restart Restart one or more containers # 重启运行的容器
rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一个或者多个容器
rmi Remove one or more images # 移除一个或者多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像时才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
run Run a command in a new container # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUTby default) # 保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应load]
search Search the Docker Hub for images # 在docker hub中搜索镜像
start Start one or more stopped containers # 启动容器
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage
statistics # 实时显示容器资源使用统计
stop Stop one or more running containers # 停止容器
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE # 给源中镜像打标签
top Display the running processes of a container # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers # 取消暂停容器
update Update configuration of one or more containers # 更新一个或多个容器配置
version Show the Docker version information # 查看docker版本号
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their
exit codes # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值

无极的移动代码

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Docker学习三常用命令（帮助命令，镜像命令，容器命令，常用其他命令）

帮助命令docker version # 显示docker的版本信息docker info # 显示docker的系统（system）信息，包括镜像和容器的数量docker --help # 帮助命令，可以看到全部的帮助命令帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/镜像命令docker images查看本地主机上的镜像这个可以使用–help查看这“一个”命令的相关帮助信息[root@iz2zeg
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