滑动窗口与双指针

1.最长区间

模板:

int maxLength(int[] A) {

  int N = A.length;

  // 区间的左指针

  int left = -1;

  int ans = 0;

  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {

    // assert 在加入A[i]之前,(left, i-1]是一个合法有效的区间

    // step 1. 直接将A[i]加到区间中,形成(left, i]

    // step 2. 将A[i]加入之后,惰性原则

    while (check((left, i]))/*TODO 检查区间状态是否满足条件*/) {

      ++left; // 如果不满足条件,移动左指针

      // TODO 修改区间的状态

    }

    // assert 此时(left, i]必然满足条件

    ans = max(ans, i - left);

  }

  return ans; // 返回最优解

}

3. 无重复字符的最长子串

class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {

        final int N = (null == s ? 0 : s.length());

        final int[] pos = new int[256];
        Arrays.fill(pos, -1);

        int res = 0;
        int left = -1;

        for (int i = 0; i < N; i ++) {
            final int idx = (int)s.charAt(i);
            while (pos[idx] > left) {
                left = pos[idx];
            }
            pos[idx] = i;
            res = Math.max(res, i - left);
        }
        
        return res;
    }
}

424. 替换后的最长重复字符

class Solution {
    public int characterReplacement(String s, int k) {
        final int N = s.length();
        int left = -1;
        int res = 0;
        int oneNumber = 0;
        int[] cnt = new int[256];

        for (int i = 0; i < N; i ++) {
           final int c = s.charAt(i);
           cnt[c] ++;

           oneNumber = Math.max(oneNumber, cnt[c]);

           while (i - left - oneNumber > k) {
               final int ct = s.charAt(++ left);
               cnt[ct] --;
           }

           res = Math.max(res, i - left);
        }

        return res;
    }
}

904. 水果成篮

class Solution {

    // 根据题目设计数据结构
    private class Counter extends HashMap<Integer, Integer> {

        public Integer get(final Integer key) {
            return super.containsKey(key) ? super.get(key) : 0;
        }

        public void add(final Integer key, final Integer value) {
            super.put(key, this.get(key) + value);
        }

    }

    public int totalFruit(int[] tree) {

       final int n = tree.length;
       int left = -1;
       int res = 0;
       final Counter counter = new Counter();

       for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

           final Integer rightType = tree[i];
           counter.add(rightType, 1);

           while (counter.size() > 2) {
               final Integer leftType = tree[++ left];
               counter.add(leftType, -1);

               if (0 == counter.get(leftType)) {
                   counter.remove(leftType);
               }
           } 

           res = Math.max(res, i - left);
       }

       return res;
    }
}

参考题解:
https://github.com/lagoueduCol/Algorithm-Dryad/blob/main/10.DoublePointer/904.%E6%B0%B4%E6%9E%9C%E6%88%90%E7%AF%AE.java?fileGuid=xxQTRXtVcqtHK6j8

386 · 最多有k个不同字符的最长子字符串

public class Solution {

    private class Counter extends HashMap<Character, Integer> {

            public Integer get(Character key) {
                return super.containsKey(key) ? super.get(key) : 0;
            }

            public void add(Character key, Integer value) {
                super.put(key, this.get(key) + value);
                if (0 == this.get(key)) {
                    super.remove(key);
                }
            }

    }

    /**
     * @param s: A string
     * @param k: An integer
     * @return: An integer
     */

    public int lengthOfLongestSubstringKDistinct(String s, int k) {
        // write your code here

        final int n = s.length();
        int left = -1;
        int res = 0;
        final Counter counter = new Counter();

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            final Character rightCh = (Character)s.charAt(i);
            counter.add(rightCh, 1);

            while (counter.size() > k) {
                
                final Character leftCh = (Character)s.charAt(++ left);
                counter.add(leftCh, -1);

            }

            res = Math.max(res, i - left);
        }

        return res;
   }
}

845. 数组中的最长山脉

class Solution {
    public int longestMountain(int[] arr) {
        int n = arr.length;
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i < n - 1; i ++) {
            int left = i - 1;
            while (left >= 0) {
                if (arr[left] < arr[left + 1]) {
                    left --;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (left + 1 == i) {
                continue;
            }

            int right = i + 1;
            while (right < n) {
                if (arr[right - 1] > arr[right]) {
                    right ++;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (right == i + 1) {
                continue;
            }

            res = Math.max(res, right - left - 1);
        }

        return res;
    }
}

// myself pass

2.区间计数

模板:

int rangeCounter(int[] A) {

  int N = A.length;

  // 区间的左指针

  int left = -1;

  int ans = 0;

  // 不变式0: 最开始的区间为(-1, -1] 是一个空区间

  //         我们认为空区间总是满足条件!

  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {

    // 不变式1: 在加入A[i]之前,(left, i-1]是一个合法有效的区间

    // step 1. 直接将A[i]加到区间中,形成(left, i]

    // step 2. 将A[i]加入之后,惰性原则

    while (check((left, i]))/*TODO 检查区间状态是否满足条件*/) {

      ++left; // 如果不满足条件,移动左指针

      // TODO 修改区间的状态

    }

    // 不变式2:此时(left, i]必然合法

    // 累计区间个数

    ans += i - left;

  }

  return ans; // 返回最优解

}

713. 乘积小于K的子数组

class Solution {
    public int numSubarrayProductLessThanK(int[] nums, int k) {

        final int n = nums.length;
        int left = -1;
        int s = 1;
        int res = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            s *= nums[i];

            while (left < i && s >= k) {
                s /= nums[++ left];
            }

            res += (i - left);
        }

        return res;
    }
}

911 · 最大子数组之和为k

public class Solution {
    /**
     * @param nums: an array
     * @param k: a target value
     * @return: the maximum length of a subarray that sums to k
     */
    public int maxSubArrayLen(int[] A, int k) {
        final int N = A == null ? 0 : A.length;
        Map<Long, Integer> H = new HashMap<>();
        Long s = Long.valueOf(0);
        int ans = 0;
        H.put(s, -1);
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            s += A[i];
            Long want = Long.valueOf(s - k);
            int wantPos = H.getOrDefault(want, N + 1);
            ans = Math.max(ans, i - wantPos);
            // 如果已经存在了
            if (!H.containsKey(s)) {
                H.put(s, i);
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

3.定长区间

定长区间问题是要找到一个固定长度的区间,并且这个区间必须满足某种条件。所以求解定长区间问题,实质上是需要找满足两个条件的子串。

子串的长度固定。由于长度固定,因此,定长区间问题不需要满足单调性。

子串必须满足某种条件。

567. 字符串的排列

class Solution {
    public boolean checkInclusion(String s1, String s2) {

        final int aLen = (null == s1 ? 0 : s1.length());
        final int bLen = (null == s2 ? 0 : s2.length());

        int[] aStr = new int[256];
        for (int i = 0; i < aLen; i ++) {
            aStr[s1.charAt(i)] ++;
        }

        int[] bStr = new int[256];
        int left = -1;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < bLen; i ++) {

            bStr[s2.charAt(i)] ++;

            if (i - left < aLen) {
                continue;
            }

            boolean same = true;
            for (int j = 0; j < 256 && same; j ++) {
                same = (aStr[j] == bStr[j]); 
            }

            if (same) {
                return true;
            }

            left ++;
            bStr[s2.charAt(left)] --;
        }

        return false;
    }
}

30. 串联所有单词的子串

class Solution {

    private class Counter extends HashMap<String, Integer> {

        public Integer get(String key) {
            return super.containsKey(key) ? super.get(key) : 0;
        }

        public void add(String key, Integer value) {
            if ("".equals(key)) {
                return;
            }
            super.put(key, this.get(key) + value);
            if (0 == this.get(key)) {
                super.remove(key);
            }
        }

    }

    public List<Integer> findSubstring(String s, String[] words) {

        final int wordsLen = words.length;
        Counter wordsLenCounter = new Counter();
        for (int i = 0; i < wordsLen; i ++) {
            wordsLenCounter.add(words[i], 1);
        }

        final int wordsN = words[0].length();
        final int wordsNumber = words.length;
        final int sLen = s.length();
        int left = -1;
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < sLen; i ++) {

            if (i - left < (wordsN * wordsLen)) {
                continue;
            }

            Counter sCounter = new Counter();
            for (int j = left + 1; j <= i - wordsN + 1; j += wordsN) {
                String str = s.substring(j, j + wordsN);
                sCounter.add(str, 1);
            }

            left ++;

            boolean same = wordsLenCounter.size() == sCounter.size();
            if (same) {
                for (String sw : wordsLenCounter.keySet()) {
                    if (!(wordsLenCounter.get(sw).equals(sCounter.get(sw)))) {
                        same = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                
            }
            
            if (same) {
                res.add(left);
            }
        }

        return res;

    }
}

// 

76. 最小覆盖子串

class Solution {

    private class Counter extends HashMap<Character, Integer> {

        public Integer get(Character key) {
            return super.containsKey(key) ? super.get(key) : 0;
        }

        public void add(Character key, Integer value) {
            super.put(key, this.get(key) + value);
            if (0 == super.get(key)) {
                super.remove(key);
            } 
        }

    }

    public String minWindow(String s, String t) {
        final int tLen = t.length();
        final Counter tCounter = new Counter();
        for (int i = 0; i < tLen; i ++) {
            Character key = (Character)t.charAt(i);
            tCounter.add(key, 1);
        }

        final int sLen = s.length();
        int left = -1;
        int minLen = sLen + 1;
        final Counter sCounter = new Counter();
        int resL = 0;
        int resR = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < sLen; i ++) {

            Character key = (Character)s.charAt(i);
            sCounter.add(key, 1);

            if (i - left < tLen) {
                continue;
            }

            boolean same = true;
            while (same) {
                for (Character c : tCounter.keySet()) {
                    if (tCounter.get(c) > (sCounter.get(c))) {
                        same = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (same) {
                    if (minLen > i - left) {
                        resL = left + 1;
                        resR = i + 1;
                        minLen = i - left;
                    }
                    left ++;
                    sCounter.add((Character)s.charAt(left), -1);  
                }
                
            }
        }

        return s.substring(resL, resR);
    }
}

209. 长度最小的子数组

class Solution {
    public int minSubArrayLen(int s, int[] nums) {
        final int n = nums.length;
        int left = -1;
        int res = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
            res += nums[i];
        }

        if (res < s) {
            return 0;
        }

        res = 0;

        int minLen = n;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            res += nums[i];

            while (res >= s) {
                minLen = Math.min(minLen, i - left);
                left ++;
                res -= nums[left];
            }
        }

        return minLen;
    }
}
训练

643. 子数组最大平均数 I

class Solution {
    public double findMaxAverage(int[] nums, int k) {
        final int n = nums.length;

        int left = -1;
        double sum = 0;
        double res = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
            sum += nums[i];

            if (i - left < k) {
                continue;
            }

            res = Math.max(res, sum / k);

            left ++;
            sum -= nums[left];

        }

        return res;
    }
}

// https://kaiwu.lagou.com/course/courseInfo.htm?courseId=685#/detail/pc?id=6699

1052. 爱生气的书店老板

class Solution {
    public int maxSatisfied(int[] customers, int[] grumpy, int minutes) {
        final int n = customers.length;
        int sum = 0;
        int res = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
            if (0 == grumpy[i]) {
                sum += customers[i];
            }
        }

        int left = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            if (1 == grumpy[i]) {
                sum += customers[i];
            }    

            if (i - left < minutes) {
                continue;
            }

            res = Math.max(res, sum);
            left ++;
            if (1 == grumpy[left]) {
                sum -= customers[left];
            }
        }

        return res;
    }
}

// https://kaiwu.lagou.com/course/courseInfo.htm?courseId=685#/detail/pc?id=6699

1423. 可获得的最大点数

class Solution {
    public int maxScore(int[] cardPoints, int k) {
        final int n = cardPoints.length;
        final int windowLen = n - k;
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
            sum += cardPoints[i];
        }

        if (0 == windowLen) {
            return sum;
        }

        int sumWindow = 0;
        int minValue = sum;
        int left = -1;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            sumWindow += cardPoints[i];

            if (i - left < windowLen) {
                continue;
            }

            minValue = Math.min(minValue, sumWindow);

            left ++;
            sumWindow -= cardPoints[left];
        }

        return sum - minValue;
    }
}

// 

1456. 定长子串中元音的最大数目

class Solution {

    private class Counter extends HashMap<Character, Integer> {

        private Integer validSum = 0;

        public Integer getValidSum() {
            return validSum;
        }

        public Integer get(Character key) {
            return super.containsKey(key) ? super.get(key) : 0;
        }

        public void add(Character key, Integer value) {
            super.put(key, this.get(key) + value);
            validSum += value;
            if (0 == this.get(key)) {
                super.remove(key);
            }
        }

    }

    private boolean isValid(Character ch) {
        if ('a' == (char)ch || 'e' == (char)ch || 'i' == (char)ch || 'o' == (char)ch || 'u' == (char)ch) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public int maxVowels(String s, int k) {

        final int n = s.length();

        int left = -1;
        int res = 0;
        Counter counter = new Counter();

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            Character ch = s.charAt(i);
            if (this.isValid(ch)) {
                counter.add(ch, 1);
            }

            if (i - left < k) {
                continue;
            }

            res = Math.max(res, counter.getValidSum());
            left ++;

            Character chLeft = s.charAt(left);
            if (this.isValid(chLeft)) {
                counter.add(chLeft, -1);
            }
        }

        return res;
    }
}

1658. 将 x 减到 0 的最小操作数

class Solution {
    public int minOperations(int[] nums, int x) {
        final int n = nums.length;
        int k = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
            k += nums[i];
        }

        k -= x;

        if (k < 0) {
            return -1;
        } else if (k == 0) {
            return n;
        }

        int left = -1;
        int sum = 0;
        int maxLen = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
            sum += nums[i];

            while (sum > k) {
                left ++;
                sum -= nums[left];
            }

            if (sum == k) {
                maxLen = Math.max(maxLen, i - left);
            } 
        }

        return 0 == maxLen ? -1 : n - maxLen;
    }
}

1695. 删除子数组的最大得分


class Solution {

    
    public int maximumUniqueSubarray(int[] nums) {
        final int n = nums.length;

        int sum = 0;
        int left = 0;
        Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
        int res = 0;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            if (!set.contains(nums[i])) {
                sum += nums[i];
                res = Math.max(res, sum);
                set.add(nums[i]);
            } else {
                while (nums[i] != nums[left]) {
                    sum -= nums[left];
                    set.remove(nums[left]);
                    left ++;
                }
                left ++;
            }           
        }

        return res;
    }
}

438. 找到字符串中所有字母异位词

class Solution {
    public List<Integer> findAnagrams(String s, String p) {

        final int sLen = s.length();
        final int pLen = p.length();
        final int[] pArr = new int[256];

        for (int i = 0; i < pLen; i ++) {
            pArr[p.charAt(i)] ++;
        }

        int left = -1;
        final int[] sArr = new int[256];
        final List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < sLen; i ++) {

            sArr[s.charAt(i)] ++;

            if (i - left < pLen) {
                continue;
            }

            left ++;

            boolean same = true;
            for (int j = 0; j < 256; j ++) {
                if (pArr[j] != sArr[j]) {
                    same = false;
                }
            }

            sArr[s.charAt(left)] --;

            if (same) {
                res.add(left);
            }
        }

        return res;
    }
}

487. 最大连续1的个数 II

class Solution {
    public int findMaxConsecutiveOnes(int[] nums) {

        final int n = nums.length;
        int oneNum = 0;
        int left = -1;
        int res = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            if (1 == nums[i]) {
                oneNum ++;
            }

            while (i - left > 1 + oneNum) {
                left ++;
                if (1 == nums[left]) {
                    oneNum --;
                }
            }

            res = Math.max(res, i - left);

        }

        return res;
    }
}

1004. 最大连续1的个数 III

class Solution {
    public int longestOnes(int[] nums, int k) {

        final int n = nums.length;
        int left = -1;
        int oneNum = 0;
        int res = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            if (1 == nums[i]) {
                oneNum ++;
            }

            while (i - left > k + oneNum) {
                left ++;
                if (1 == nums[left]) {
                    oneNum --;
                }
            }

            res = Math.max(res, i - left);
        }

        return res;
    }
}

1493. 删掉一个元素以后全为 1 的最长子数组

class Solution {
    public int longestSubarray(int[] nums) {

        final int n = nums.length;
        int zeroNum = 0;
        int left = -1;
        int res = 0;
        
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            if (0 == nums[i]) {
                zeroNum ++;
            }

            while (zeroNum > 1) {
                left ++;
                if (0 == nums[left]) {
                    zeroNum --;
                }
            }

            res = Math.max(res, i - left - 1);
        }

        return res;
    }
}

978. 最长湍流子数组

class Solution {
    public int maxTurbulenceSize(int[] arr) {
        return Math.max(oneContion(arr), twoContion(arr));
    }

    private int oneContion(int[] arr) {

        final int n = arr.length;
        int left = 0;
        int res = 1;

        for (int i = 1; i < n; i ++) {

            if (0 == i % 2) {
                if (arr[i - 1] <= arr[i]) {
                    left = i;
                    continue;
                }
            } else {
                if (arr[i] <= arr[i - 1]) {
                    left = i;
                    continue;
                }
            }

            res = Math.max(res, i - left + 1);

        }

        return res;
    }

    private int twoContion(int[] arr) {

        final int n = arr.length;
        int left = 0;
        int res = 1;

        for (int i = 1; i < n; i ++) {

            if (0 == i % 2) {
                if (arr[i] <= arr[i - 1]) {
                    left = i;
                    continue;
                }
            } else {
                if (arr[i - 1] <= arr[i]) {
                    left = i;
                    continue;
                }
            }

            res = Math.max(res, i - left + 1);

        }

        return res;
    }
}

159. 至多包含两个不同字符的最长子串

class Solution {

    private class Counter extends HashMap<Character, Integer> {

        public Integer get(Character key) {
            return super.containsKey(key) ? super.get(key) : 0;
        }

        public void add(Character key, Integer value) {
            super.put(key, this.get(key) + value);
            if (0 == this.get(key)) {
                super.remove(key);
            }
        }

    }

    public int lengthOfLongestSubstringTwoDistinct(String s) {
       
        final int n = s.length();
        int left = -1;
        int res = 0;
        Counter counter = new Counter();

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            counter.add(s.charAt(i), 1);

            while (counter.size() > 2) {
                left ++;
                counter.add(s.charAt(left), -1);
            }

            res = Math.max(res, i - left);

        }

        return res;

    }
}

340. 至多包含 K 个不同字符的最长子串

class Solution {
    
    private class Counter extends HashMap<Character, Integer> {

        public Integer get(Character key) {
            return super.containsKey(key) ? super.get(key) : 0;
        }

        public void add(Character key, Integer value) {
            super.put(key, this.get(key) + value);
            if (0 == this.get(key)) {
                super.remove(key);
            }
        }

    }

    public int lengthOfLongestSubstringKDistinct(String s, int k) {
        
        final int n = s.length();
        int left = -1;
        int res = 0;
        Counter counter = new Counter();

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            counter.add(s.charAt(i), 1);

            while (counter.size() > k) {
                left ++;
                counter.add(s.charAt(left), -1);
            }

            res = Math.max(res, i - left);

        }

        return res;
    }
}

795. 区间子数组个数

class Solution {
    public int numSubarrayBoundedMax(int[] nums, int left, int right) {
        return numSubarrayBoundedMax(nums, right) - numSubarrayBoundedMax(nums, left - 1);
    }

    private int numSubarrayBoundedMax(int[] nums, int k) {

        final int n = nums.length;
        int left = -1;
        int res = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            if (nums[i] > k) {
                left = i;
                continue;
            }

            res += (i - left);


        }

        return res;

    }
}

// https://leetcode-cn.com/leetbook/read/sliding-window-and-two-pointers/riika5/

剑指 Offer II 009. 乘积小于 K 的子数组

class Solution {
    public int numSubarrayProductLessThanK(int[] nums, int k) {

        final int n = nums.length;
        int res = 0;
        int sum = 1;
        int left = -1;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

            sum *= nums[i];

            while (left < i && sum >= k) {
                left ++;
                sum /= nums[left];
            }

            res += (i - left);
        }

        return res;
    }
}

// https://kaiwu.lagou.com/course/courseInfo.htm?courseId=685#/content
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