Java入门之面向对象1

面向对象的特征有哪些方面？

封装 抽象 继承 多态

Java对象和类

package java学习;

public class Dog {
    int dogAge;
    public Dog (String name){
        //构造器
        System.out.println("小狗的名字是 "+name);
    }
    public void setDogAge(int age ){
        //传进来的值是age 然后赋值给dogAge
        dogAge = age;
    }
    public int getDogAge(){
        System.out.println("小狗的年龄为 "+ dogAge);
        return  dogAge;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog dog = new Dog("tommy");
        dog.setDogAge(2);
        dog.getDogAge();
        System.out.println("变量值："+dog.dogAge);
    }

}

Java封装

封装将抽象型函式接口的实现细节部分包装隐藏起来
优点：
减低耦合性，提高代码独立性
类内部可以自由修改
对成员变量控制更精准
隐藏信息，实现细节

package java学习;

public class Encapsulation {
    private String name;
    private String idNum;
    private int age ;

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public String getidNum(){
        return idNum;

    }

    public void setAge(int newAge){
        age = newAge;

    }
    public  void  setName(String newName){
        name = newName;

    }
    public void setIdNum(String newIdNum){
        idNum = newIdNum;
    }

}

package java学习;

public class RunEncap{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Encapsulation encap = new Encapsulation();
        encap.setName("nama");
        encap.setAge(16);
        encap.setIdNum("123zyn");
        System.out.println("Name: "+encap.getName() + " Age " +encap.getAge() +" id :"+encap.getidNum());
    }
}

Java继承

package java学习.继承;

public class Animal {
    private String name;
    private int id;
    public Animal(String myName,int myId){
        name = myName;
        id = myId;
    }
    public  void eat(){
        System.out.println(name +"正在吃");
    }

    public  void sleep(){
        System.out.println(name +"正在睡");
    }
    public  void introduction(){
        System.out.println("大家好！我是"    +id + name);
    }
    
    

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Animal a = new Animal("猪猪",12);
        a.eat();
        a.sleep();
        a.introduction();
        Peguin p = new Peguin("企鹅",13);
        p.eat();
        p.sleep();
        p.introduction();
        Mouse m = new Mouse("老鼠",14);
        m.eat();
        m.sleep();
        m.introduction();
    }
}

package java学习.继承;

public class Mouse extends Animal {
    public Mouse(String myName, int myId) {
        super(myName, myId);
    }
}

package java学习.继承;

public class Peguin extends Animal {

    public Peguin(String myName, int myId) {
        super(myName, myId);
    }
}

Super:对父类成员进行访问
This：指向自己的引用

构造器：
子类不继承父类的构造器，它只是调用。如果父类的构造器带有参数，则必须在子类的构造器中显示的通过super调用父类的构造器，并配以适当的参数列表。

package java学习.继承.构造器;

class  SuperClass{
    private int n;
    SuperClass(){
        System.out.println("SuperClass()");
    }
    SuperClass(int n){
        System.out.println("SuperClass(int n)");
        this.n = n;
    }

}
//SubClass类继承
class SubClass extends SuperClass{
    private  int n;
    SubClass(){//自动调用父类的无参构造器
        System.out.println("SubClass()");
    }

    public SubClass(int n){
        super(300);//调用父类的有参数构造器
        System.out.println("SubClass(int n)" +n);
        this.n = n;

    }

}



public class TestSuperSub {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("--------类继承--------");
        SubClass sc1 = new SubClass();
        SubClass  sc2 = new SubClass(100);
    }
}