一、IO流的分类
从数据类型的角度:
字节流,字符流
从功能角度:
处理流,节点流
站在程序的角度:
输入流,输出流
转换流
如下图,提供一个类字节流转换到字符流
package IO_23;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
//转换流的使用InputStreamReader
//获取输入,Scanner(1.5版本)之前的获取方式
public class ConvertDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true){
String line=br.readLine();
if(line.equals("no")){
break;
}else {
System.out.println(line);
}
}
}
}
二、流的概念
文件想象成一个水桶,管子怼到水桶上,打开水龙头
InputStream
OutputStream
如图,BufferedInputStream继承FilterInputStream类
三、两类处理
Data类型
(1)继承自FilterInputStream
(2)功能
基础数据类型的读写和封装,String
package IO_23;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
public class DateTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
DataOutputStream dos = null;
try {
dos=new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:\\test.dat"));
dos.writeDouble(10);
dos.writeBoolean(true);
dos.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
dos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
DataInputStream dis = null;
try {
dis=new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\test.dat"));
System.out.println(dis.readDouble());
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
dos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
Object类型
(1)继承自ObjectInputStream
(2)对象的读写,也叫序列化,把对象存盘
存盘的对象要实现序列化的接口;
※ 什么时候需要序列化呢?
通过网络传输对象否要进行序列化和反序列化,所以从某种意义上将,序列化的效率影响你程序的性能
我们用的是JDK默认实现的序列化
Student类
package IO_23;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
//继承实现标签接口,默认JDK实现
public class Student implements Serializable{
String name;
Integer age;
Date birthday;
public Student(String name, Integer age, Date birthday) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
}
让Student类继承Serializable接口
ObjectDemo 类
package IO_23;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.util.Date;
public class ObjectDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ObjectOutputStream oos=null;
try {
oos=new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("object.dat"));
oos.writeObject(new Student("zhangsan",24, new Date()));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
oos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
ObjectInputStream ois=null;
try {
ois=new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("object.dat"));
Object object=ois.readObject();
if(object instanceof Student){
Student student=(Student)object;
System.out.println(student.getName());
System.out.println(student.getAge());
System.out.println(student.getBirthday());
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
oos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
四、File类
package IO_23;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileFilter;
public class FileDemos {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
File file=new File(".");
System.out.println(file.getUsableSpace());
System.out.println(file.getParent());
// System.out.println(file.isDirectory());
// System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
// String names[]=file.list();
// for(String str:names){
// System.out.println(str);
// }
//匿名内部类
// File files[]=file.listFiles(new FileFilter() {
//
// @Override
// public boolean accept(File pathname) {
// // TODO Auto-generated method stubr
// return pathname.getName().endsWith(".dat");
// }
// });
File files[]=file.listFiles(new DatFilter());
for(File f:files){
// if(f.isFile()){
// System.out.println(file.getName());
// }
System.out.println(f.getName());
}
}
}
class DatFilter implements FileFilter{
public boolean accept(File pathanme){
// return pathanme.getName().endsWith(".dat");
return pathanme.isDirectory();
}
}
思考练习题
1.写一个程序,找某一个Java文件
提示:endwith(".java")
给定一个目录,列出目录下所有Java文件
2.设计程序阶乘输出斐波那契数列
实例如下:
1、1、2、3、5、8、13、21、34、。。。。。
找规律
createNewFile()
附码:
package IO_23;
public class DiguiDemo {
/**
* 0 1
* 1 1 1-->1
* 2 2*1 2-->2*1
* 3 3*2*1 3--->3*2
*
*
* 1 1 =1
* 2 1 =1
* 3 2 =
* 4 3
* 5 5
*/
//自定义递归函数 阶乘
static int factorial(int n){
if(n==1| n==0){
return 1;
}else {
return n*factorial(n-1);
}
}
//自定义求斐波那契数列指定
static int Fibonacci(int n){
if(n==1){
return 1;
}
if(n==2) {
return 1;
}
return Fibonacci(n-1)+Fibonacci(n-2);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// System.out.println(factorial(3));
//System.out.println(Fibonacci(9));
for(int i=1;i<10;i++){
System.out.print(Fibonacci(i)+" ");
}
}
}