介绍
分布式锁:指的是在某种高并发的业务情况下,保证数据一致性的锁,如:秒杀业务往往是高并发的,那么就有可能导致超卖的情况发生,此时就可以使用分布式锁来保证商品不会超卖
原理
具体原理是使用Redis缓存实现分布式锁,当大量用户请求资源时,保证资源的同步性,如上面的秒杀例子里,当用户请求时库存就要减一,此时我们就要保证高并发情况下,库存资源的同步访问
注意分布式锁要存在统一的Redis缓存中,各服务统一访问该缓存获取锁访问共享资源
Redisson实现分布式锁的原理
案例
实现逻辑:先往Redis写入库存数据
具体参考:
@GetMapping("/miaosha/add")
public String miaoshaAdd() {
String key = "product:0";
redisUtil.set(key, "100");
return "miaosha add success";
}
ApiFox发送请求
Redis Desktop Manager查看数据,库存为100个
有了库存后,我们就可以模拟秒杀场景了,代码如下:
POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.7.1</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>redis</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>redis</name>
<description>redis</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--redis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--redisson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.redisson</groupId>
<artifactId>redisson</artifactId>
<version>3.16.8</version>
</dependency>
<!--jedis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--common-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
<version>4.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-core</artifactId>
<version>5.3.10</version>
</dependency>
<!--fastjson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.69</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Yml
redis:
db: 0
host: 192.168.61.4
port: 6379
password: psd
timeout: 3000
max-active: 100
max-idle: 10
min-idle: 10
max-wait: 20000
server:
port: 80
spring: # 允许循环依赖
main:
allow-circular-references: true
核心:通过Redisson的getLock方法生成的RLock对象的lock与unlock方法同步代码逻辑,这里的锁理论上来说是从Redis中查的,如果不存在就生成,一个共享资源对应唯一一个锁,各服务(线程)抢这把锁进行业务处理
package com.example.redis.controller;
import com.example.redis.config.R;
import com.example.redis.util.RedisUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.redisson.Redisson;
import org.redisson.api.RLock;
import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
import org.redisson.config.Config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
/**
* @description: miaosha
* @author: zj
* @date: 2022-07-27 17:21
*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class MiaoShaController {
@Resource
private RedissonClient redission;
@Resource
private RedisUtil redisUtil;
@GetMapping("/miaosha")
public String miaosha() {
String key = "key:product";
RLock lock = redission.getLock(key);
lock.lock();
try {
//减库存
int stock = Integer.parseInt(redisUtil.get("product:0"));
if (stock > 0) {
redisUtil.decrby("product:0", 1);
System.out.println("扣减成功,剩余库存:" + redisUtil.get("product:0"));
} else {
return R.ok("stock is empty");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(e.getMessage());
}
lock.unlock();
return R.ok("success");
}
@Bean
public RedissonClient redissonClient() {
Config config = new Config();
config.useSingleServer().setAddress("redis://192.168.61.4:6379").setDatabase(0).setPassword("psd");
return Redisson.create(config);
}
}
ApiFox模拟高并发访问接口测试用例,生成100个线程循环10次,模拟高并发接口请求
可以看到控制台是一个一个进行资源消费的,这样就实现了使用Redis的分布式锁
Redis里的数据也被消费完了