MySQL5.6下使用xtrabackup部分备份恢复到MySQL5.7

现有需求：需要备份MySQL5.6环境下的部分表到MySQL5.7环境下并进行恢复

通过xtrabackup 实现部分备份有三种方式：

参考链接：http://blog.csdn.net/zhu19774279/article/details/49681767

我这里测试了两种方法：

way1

/usr/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/3306.cnf /data0/sql  --include='test.t1|mysql.*|performance_schema.*' --user=root --socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock

way2

/usr/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/3306.cnf /data0/sql  --databases='test.t1 mysql performance_schema' --user=root --socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock

但在应用日志时都会出现同样的问题，报备份单个表所在的库的其他表的表空间不存在

[root@mysql-bcc01 sql]# innobackupex --apply-log --export 2016-10-08_17-53-09
161008 17:53:50 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.4.4 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: df58cf2)
xtrabackup: auto-enabling --innodb-file-per-table due to the --export option
xtrabackup: cd to /data0/sql/2016-10-08_17-53-09
xtrabackup: This target seems to be not prepared yet.
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=8388608, start_lsn=(802528374)
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:512M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:512M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support not available
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
InnoDB: GCC builtin __sync_synchronize() is used for memory barrier
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: The log sequence number 2342986 in the system tablespace does not match the log sequence number 802528374 in the ib_logfiles!
InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 802528374 (0%)
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 2987, file name mysql-bin.000003
InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 5.7.13 started; log sequence number 802528374
xtrabackup: export option is specified.
xtrabackup: export metadata of table 'test/t1' to file `./test/t1.exp` (1 indexes)
xtrabackup:     name=PRIMARY, id.low=32, page=3
xtrabackup: export metadata of table 'mysql/slave_relay_log_info' to file `./mysql/slave_relay_log_info.exp` (1 indexes)
xtrabackup:     name=PRIMARY, id.low=19, page=3
xtrabackup: export metadata of table 'mysql/innodb_index_stats' to file `./mysql/innodb_index_stats.exp` (1 indexes)
xtrabackup:     name=PRIMARY, id.low=18, page=3
xtrabackup: export metadata of table 'mysql/slave_worker_info' to file `./mysql/slave_worker_info.exp` (1 indexes)
xtrabackup:     name=PRIMARY, id.low=21, page=3
xtrabackup: export metadata of table 'mysql/innodb_table_stats' to file `./mysql/innodb_table_stats.exp` (1 indexes)
xtrabackup:     name=PRIMARY, id.low=17, page=3
xtrabackup: export metadata of table 'mysql/slave_master_info' to file `./mysql/slave_master_info.exp` (1 indexes)
xtrabackup:     name=PRIMARY, id.low=20, page=3
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 2987, file name mysql-bin.000003

xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 0
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Failed to find tablespace for table `test`.`t2` in the cache. Attempting to load the tablespace with space id 113
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Cannot open datafile for read-only: './test/t2.ibd' OS error: 71
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Could not find a valid tablespace file for `test/t2`. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-troubleshooting-datadict.html for how to resolve the issue.
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 802528393
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:512M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 104857600
InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support not available
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
InnoDB: GCC builtin __sync_synchronize() is used for memory barrier
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 100 MB
InnoDB: Progress in MB:
 100
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 100 MB
InnoDB: Progress in MB:
 100
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile2 size to 100 MB
InnoDB: Progress in MB:
 100
InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=802528393
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 802528780
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 802528789 (0%)
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 802528789 (0%)
InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 2987, file name mysql-bin.000003
InnoDB: Removed temporary tablespace data file: "ibtmp1"
InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 5.7.13 started; log sequence number 802528789
InnoDB: Failed to find tablespace for table `test`.`t2` in the cache. Attempting to load the tablespace with space id 113
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Cannot open datafile for read-only: './test/t2.ibd' OS error: 71
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Could not find a valid tablespace file for `test/t2`. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-troubleshooting-datadict.html for how to resolve the issue.
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 0
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 802528808
161008 17:53:57 completed OK!

查找结果是这是一个bug：https://bugs.launchpad.net/percona-xtrabackup/+bug/1532878

直接通过cp备份集到5.7环境下恢复并升级后

[root@mysql-bcc02 mysql]# mysql_upgrade --user=root --socket=/tmp/mysql_6666.sock

重启成功，但错误日志中报和上面相同的错误，既没有复制的表的表空间不存在

这又是一个bug：https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=82060

恢复部分备份

参考文献：https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.2/innobackupex/restoring_individual_tables_ibk.html