MYSQL——内外连接

一、内连接

内连接实际上就是利用where子句对两种表形成的笛卡儿积进行筛选
语法：

select 字段 from 表1 inner join 表2 on 连接条件 and 其他条件；

显示SMITH的名字和部门名称

原来写法：

mysql> mysql> select * from EMP,DEPT where ename='SMITH';
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB   | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL    | COMM | DEPTNO | DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
|  7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL |     20 |     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|  7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|  7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL |     20 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|  7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL |     20 |     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from EMP,DEPT where EMP.deptno=DEPT.deptno and ename='SMITH';
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+----------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB   | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL    | COMM | DEPTNO | DEPTNO | DNAME    | LOC    |
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+----------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS |
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+----------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select ename,dname  from EMP,DEPT where EMP.deptno=DEPT.deptno and ename='SMITH';
+-------+----------+
| ename | dname    |
+-------+----------+
| SMITH | RESEARCH |
+-------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

现在写法：

mysql> select ename,dname from EMP  inner join DEPT on EMP.deptno=DEPT.deptno where ename='SMITH';
+-------+----------+
| ename | dname    |
+-------+----------+
| SMITH | RESEARCH |
+-------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

二、外连接

先建立两张表stu,exam

mysql> select *from stu;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | lily |
|    2 | lucy |
|    3 | tom  |
|    4 | bob  |
+------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select *from exam;
+------+-------+
| id   | score |
+------+-------+
|    1 |    98 |
|    2 |    87 |
|    3 |    76 |
+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1.左外连接

如果联合查询，左侧的表完全显示我们就说是左外连接。
语法：

select 字段名  from 表名1 left join 表名2 on 连接条件

mysql> select *from stu left join exam on stu.id=exam.id;
+------+------+------+-------+
| id   | name | id   | score |
+------+------+------+-------+
|    1 | lily |    1 |    98 |
|    2 | lucy |    2 |    87 |
|    3 | tom  |    3 |    76 |
|    4 | bob  | NULL |  NULL |
+------+------+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意：即使左边没有对应的值，也会显示出来

2.右外连接

如果联合查询，右侧的表完全显示我们就说是右外连接。
语法：

select 字段 from 表名1 right join 表名2  on 连接条件；

对stu表和exam表联合查询，把所有的成绩都显示出来，即使这个成绩没有学生与它对应，也要显示出来

mysql> select *from stu right join exam on stu.id=exam.id;
+------+------+------+-------+
| id   | name | id   | score |
+------+------+------+-------+
|    1 | lily |    1 |    98 |
|    2 | lucy |    2 |    87 |
|    3 | tom  |    3 |    76 |
+------+------+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

内连接：保留连接条件大家共有的
左外连接：保留左侧表的全部信息
右外连接：保留右侧表的全部信息