一、内连接
内连接实际上就是利用where子句对两种表形成的笛卡儿积进行筛选
语法:
select 字段 from 表1 inner join 表2 on 连接条件 and 其他条件;
显示SMITH的名字和部门名称
原来写法:
mysql> mysql> select * from EMP,DEPT where ename='SMITH';
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO | DEPTNO | DNAME | LOC |
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS |
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | 30 | SALES | CHICAGO |
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON |
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from EMP,DEPT where EMP.deptno=DEPT.deptno and ename='SMITH';
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+----------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO | DEPTNO | DNAME | LOC |
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+----------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 | 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS |
+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+--------+------+--------+--------+----------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select ename,dname from EMP,DEPT where EMP.deptno=DEPT.deptno and ename='SMITH';
+-------+----------+
| ename | dname |
+-------+----------+
| SMITH | RESEARCH |
+-------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
现在写法:
mysql> select ename,dname from EMP inner join DEPT on EMP.deptno=DEPT.deptno where ename='SMITH';
+-------+----------+
| ename | dname |
+-------+----------+
| SMITH | RESEARCH |
+-------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
二、外连接
先建立两张表stu,exam
mysql> select *from stu;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | lily |
| 2 | lucy |
| 3 | tom |
| 4 | bob |
+------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select *from exam;
+------+-------+
| id | score |
+------+-------+
| 1 | 98 |
| 2 | 87 |
| 3 | 76 |
+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.左外连接
如果联合查询,左侧的表完全显示我们就说是左外连接。
语法:
select 字段名 from 表名1 left join 表名2 on 连接条件
mysql> select *from stu left join exam on stu.id=exam.id;
+------+------+------+-------+
| id | name | id | score |
+------+------+------+-------+
| 1 | lily | 1 | 98 |
| 2 | lucy | 2 | 87 |
| 3 | tom | 3 | 76 |
| 4 | bob | NULL | NULL |
+------+------+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注意:即使左边没有对应的值,也会显示出来
2.右外连接
如果联合查询,右侧的表完全显示我们就说是右外连接。
语法:
select 字段 from 表名1 right join 表名2 on 连接条件;
对stu表和exam表联合查询,把所有的成绩都显示出来,即使这个成绩没有学生与它对应,也要显示出来
mysql> select *from stu right join exam on stu.id=exam.id;
+------+------+------+-------+
| id | name | id | score |
+------+------+------+-------+
| 1 | lily | 1 | 98 |
| 2 | lucy | 2 | 87 |
| 3 | tom | 3 | 76 |
+------+------+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
内连接:保留连接条件大家共有的
左外连接:保留左侧表的全部信息
右外连接:保留右侧表的全部信息