InheritableThreadLocal全面解析(附源码)

引言

上一篇文章中提到，子线程不能访问父线程的ThreadLocal变量，InheritableThreadLocal应运而生。InheritableThreadLocal继承自ThreadLocal，并且提供了一个特性，就是子线程可以访问父线程中设置的本地变量。直接看代码：

public class InheritableThreadLocal<T> extends ThreadLocal<T> {

    protected T childValue(T parentValue) {
        return parentValue;
    }
	
    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
       //这里变成获取InheritableThreadLocal变量
       return t.inheritableThreadLocals;
    }
    
    void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
    	//这里变成创建InheritableThreadLocal变量
        t.inheritableThreadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
    }
}

InheritableThreadLocal继承了ThreadLocal，并且重写了三个方法。后两个方法可见在InheritableThreadLocal的世界中，inheritableThreadLocals替代了threadLocals。那重写的第一个方法有什么用呢？这要从Thread的代码讲起，先看一下Thread类的默认构造函数：

public Thread(Runnable target) {
	init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
}

private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, 
					String name, long stackSize, AccessControlContext acc) {
	//获取“当前”线程，也就是创建此线程的线程，也就是父线程
	Thread parent = currentThread();
	........
	//如果父线程的inheritableThreadLocals变量不为null
	if (parent.inheritableLocals != null) {
		//利用父线程中的inheritableThreadLocals来设置子线程中的inheritableThreadLocals变量
		this.inheritableThreadLocals = ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
		this.stackSize = stackSize;
		tid = nextThreadID();
	}
}

如上代码在创建线程时，在构造函数中会调用init方法，获取父线程，如果父线程的inheritableLocals不为空，则将父线程的inheritableLocals的值赋给子线程。

static ThreadLocalMap createInheritedMap(ThreadLocalMap parentMap) {
    return new ThreadLocalMap(parentMap);
}

ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocalMap parentMap)的构造函数内部又做了什么事情呢？

private ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocalMap parentMap) {
            Entry[] parentTable = parentMap.table;
            int len = parentTable.length;
            setThreshold(len);
            //存放复制的结果
            table = new Entry[len];

            for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
                Entry e = parentTable[j];
                if (e != null) {
                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                    //得到父线程中变量对应的key
                    ThreadLocal<Object> key = (ThreadLocal<Object>) e.get();
                    if (key != null) {
                    	//重写代码(1)的方法
                        Object value = key.childValue(e.value);
                        Entry c = new Entry(key, value);
                        int h = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len - 1);
                        while (table[h] != null)
                            h = nextIndex(h, len);
                        table[h] = c;
                        size++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

该构造函数中，将父线程的inheritableLocals成员变量的值复制到了新的ThreadLocalMap对象中，也就是复制到了子线程的本地inheritableLocals变量中。这样就解决了上一篇提到的问题~