LWIP学习笔记（4）LWIP网络接口管理

netif.c/h实现网络接口管理，完成对网卡的抽象描述，网卡初始化，网卡发送数据，网卡接收数据等

网卡描述结构体struct netif（部分省略）

netif.h定义了如下结构体

struct netif {
  /** pointer to next in linked list *///指向下一个netif结构
  struct netif *next;
  /** IP address configuration in network byte order */
  ip_addr_t ip_addr;/**///ip地址
  ip_addr_t netmask;/**///子网掩码
  ip_addr_t gw;/**///网关

  /** This function is called by the network device driver
   *  to pass a packet up the TCP/IP stack. */
  netif_input_fn input;/**///从网卡接收到数据包给ip层函数指针
  /** This function is called by the IP module when it wants
   *  to send a packet on the interface. This function typically
   *  first resolves the hardware address, then sends the packet. */
  netif_output_fn output;/**///ip层发送数据包函数指针
  /** This function is called by the ARP module when it wants
   *  to send a packet on the interface. This function outputs
   *  the pbuf as-is on the link medium. */
  netif_linkoutput_fn linkoutput;/**///arp层调用发送数据包函数指针
  /** This field can be set by the device driver and could point
   *  to state information for the device. */
  void *state;/**///记录一些设备信息
  /** maximum transfer unit (in bytes) */
  u16_t mtu;/**///网卡mtu
  /** number of bytes used in hwaddr */
  u8_t hwaddr_len;/**///网卡mac长度
  /** link level hardware address of this interface */
  u8_t hwaddr[NETIF_MAX_HWADDR_LEN];/**///网卡mac
  /** flags (see NETIF_FLAG_ above) */
  u8_t flags;/**///该接口状态、属性
  /** descriptive abbreviation */
  char name[2];/**///该接口名字
  /** number of this interface */
  u8_t num;/**///该接口编号
#if ENABLE_LOOPBACK
  /* List of packets to be queued for ourselves. */
  struct pbuf *loop_first;/**///指向发给自己数据包第一个pbuf
  struct pbuf *loop_last;/**///指向发给自己数据包最后一个pbuf
#endif /* ENABLE_LOOPBACK */
}

函数指针原型如下

向内核注册网卡

lwip会把所有网卡接口netif结构串成一张链表，netif_list指向这条链表的首部，netif_default指向默认网卡
netif.c定义了如下变量

下面是向内核注册一张网卡步骤

//global data，定义一个网卡结构体
struct netif enc28j60_netif;
void lwip_init_task(void)
{
	struct ip_addr ipaddr, netmask, gw;

    lwip_init();//lwip内核初始化
	IP4_ADDR(&gw, 192,168,1,1);
	IP4_ADDR(&ipaddr, 192,168,1,37);
	IP4_ADDR(&netmask, 255,255,255,0);

    netif_add(&enc28j60_netif, &ipaddr, &netmask, &gw, NULL, ethernetif_init,ethernet_input);//添加网卡
	netif_set_default(&enc28j60_netif);//设置默认网卡
	netif_set_up(&enc28j60_netif);//使用网卡
	
}

netif.c中

struct netif *
netif_add(struct netif *netif, ip_addr_t *ipaddr, ip_addr_t *netmask,
  ip_addr_t *gw, void *state, netif_init_fn init, netif_input_fn input)
{

  LWIP_ASSERT("No init function given", init != NULL);

  /* reset new interface configuration state */
  ip_addr_set_zero(&netif->ip_addr);
  ip_addr_set_zero(&netif->netmask);
  ip_addr_set_zero(&netif->gw);
  netif->flags = 0;

#if ENABLE_LOOPBACK
  netif->loop_first = NULL;
  netif->loop_last = NULL;
#endif /* ENABLE_LOOPBACK */

  /* remember netif specific state information data */
  netif->state = state;
  netif->num = netif_num++;/**///网卡编号
  netif->input = input;/**///注册从网卡接收到的数据包交给ip层函数ethernet_input(atharp.c中)

  netif_set_addr(netif, ipaddr, netmask, gw);/**///设置ip、子网、网关

  /* call user specified initialization function for netif */
  if (init(netif) != ERR_OK) {/**///这里调用网卡硬件初始化函数ethernetif_init
    return NULL;
  }
  /* add this netif to the list *///添加这张网卡结构netif到链表
  netif->next = netif_list;
  netif_list = netif;

  return netif;
}

在ethernetif.c中

/**
 * Should be called at the beginning of the program to set up the
 * network interface. It calls the function low_level_init() to do the
 * actual setup of the hardware.
 *
 * This function should be passed as a parameter to netif_add().
 *
 * @param netif the lwip network interface structure for this ethernetif
 * @return ERR_OK if the loopif is initialized
 *         ERR_MEM if private data couldn't be allocated
 *         any other err_t on error
 */
err_t
ethernetif_init(struct netif *netif)
{
  struct ethernetif *ethernetif;/**///默认是网卡mac地址，用户还可以网这个结构体继续添加网卡信息

  LWIP_ASSERT("netif != NULL", (netif != NULL));
    
  ethernetif = mem_malloc(sizeof(struct ethernetif));
  if (ethernetif == NULL) {
    LWIP_DEBUGF(NETIF_DEBUG, ("ethernetif_init: out of memory\n"));
    return ERR_MEM;
  }
  netif->state = ethernetif;/**///记录网卡信息
  netif->name[0] = IFNAME0;
  netif->name[1] = IFNAME1;/**///网卡名字
  
  netif->output = etharp_output;/**///ip层发送数据包函数，最终是调用netif->linkoutput
  netif->linkoutput = low_level_output;/**///arp层发送数据包函数
  
  ethernetif->ethaddr = (struct eth_addr *)&(netif->hwaddr[0]);
  /**///网卡硬件初始化函数
  /* initialize the hardware*/ 
  low_level_init(netif);

  return ERR_OK;
}

总结下流程

netif_add内部调用ethernetif_init，并注册函数ethernet_input(atharp.c中)，用于把收到数据包给ip层

ethernetif_init内部调用low_level_init初始化网卡硬件，并注册etharp_output、low_level_output，low_level_output是最终操作网卡发送数据包的函数，etharp_output是ip层发送数据包函数

ethernetif_input（ethernetif.c中）会被周期或者中断服务函数调用用来接收数据包，该函数内部先调用low_level_input从网卡收数据，再调用netif->input（即ethernet_input）把数据包交给协议栈进一步处理