ElasticSearch入门篇（3）：Java API开发

  此文是ElasticSearch入门的第三篇，主要介绍下ES的Java API开发。

1. 环境准备

JDK ：1.8
ES ：7.15.2（es的客户端版本要和本地部署的服务端版本保持一致）
IDEA：2020.1
  新建一个maven项目，导入如下的pom文件

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
        	<!--es的客户端版本与服务端版本保持一致-->
            <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
            <artifactId>transport</artifactId>
            <version>7.15.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
            <artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
            <version>7.15.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
            <artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-client</artifactId>
            <version>7.15.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>6.14.3</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2. 代码

2.1 创建客户端连接

  创建es的客户端有两种方式，一种是通过TransportClient方式，使用内部通信端口；另一种是通过RestHighLevelClient方式，使用http端口，是目前ES官方主推的模式。
因为笔者是学习状态，本文主要还是通过TransportClient方式，两种方式可以转换

private TransportClient transportClient;
    private RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient;

    /**
     * 创建客户端连接
     * @throws UnknownHostException
     */
    @BeforeEach
    public void createClinet() throws UnknownHostException {
        /**
         * 方法一：PreBuiltTransportClient 不被推荐
         */
        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
                .put("cluster.name", "zero")
                .put("client.transport.sniff", "false")//本地测试要设置成false
                .build();
        transportClient = new PreBuiltTransportClient(settings)
                .addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9300))//内部通信端口
                .addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9301))//内部通信端口
                .addTransportAddress(new TransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9302));//内部通信端口
        System.out.println("TransportClient 连接成功");

        /**
         * 方法二：RestHighLevelClient 主推，以rest模式创建客户端
         */
        restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(
                        new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"),//http的通信端口
                        new HttpHost("localhost", 8200, "http"),//http的通信端口
                        new HttpHost("localhost",8000,"http")));//http的通信端口
        System.out.println("RestHighLevelClient 连接成功");
    }

2.2 关闭客户端连接

 /**
     * 自动关闭客户端连接
     */
    @AfterEach
    public  void closeClinet(){
        try {
            transportClient.close();
            System.out.println("TransportClient 连接关闭成功");
            restHighLevelClient.close();
            System.out.println("RestHighLevelClient 连接关闭成功");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

2.3 实际操作

/**
     * 新建索引
     */
    @Test
    public void createIndex_1() {
        //
        transportClient.admin().indices().prepareCreate("mytest_index_1").get();
        System.out.println("创建Index成功");

        IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest("mytest_index_1");
        indexRequest.type("_doc");
        indexRequest.id("1");
        indexRequest.source("{" + "\"name\": \"商品2\","
                + "\"price\": \"10\"," + "\"number\": \"10\"" + "}", XContentType.JSON);
        try {
            restHighLevelClient.index(indexRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * mapping方式新建索引，并导入数据
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void createIndex_2() throws Exception {
        HashMap<String, String> jsonMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
        jsonMap.put("name", "zero");
        jsonMap.put("sex", "1");
        jsonMap.put("age", "25");
        jsonMap.put("address", "hf");
        IndexResponse indexResponse = transportClient.prepareIndex("mytest_index_2", "doc", "2")
                .setSource(jsonMap)
                .get();
        System.out.println("创建Index成功");
    }

    /**
     * 删除索引
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteIndex(){
        transportClient.admin().indices().prepareDelete("mytest_index_2").get();
        System.out.println("删除索引成功");
    }


    /**
     * 查询一条数据
     */
    @Test
    public void getSearch(){
        GetResponse documentField = transportClient.prepareGet("employee","_doc","1").get();
        //直接输出string类型的结果字符串
        System.out.println(documentField.getSourceAsString());
        //输出index、type、id等内部属性字段值
        String index = documentField.getIndex();
        String type_ = documentField.getType();
        String id = documentField.getId();
        System.out.println("index: "+index+", type: "+type_+", id: "+id);
        //输出自定的字段的结果
        Map<String, Object> source = documentField.getSource();
        for(String field:source.keySet()){
            System.out.println(field +" : "+source.get(field));
        }
        //输出某个自定义字段的值
        String name = (String) documentField.getSource().get("name");
        System.out.println(name);
    }

    /**
     * 查询所有的数据
     */
    @Test
    public void searchAllData(){
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("employee")
//                .setTypes("_doc")
                .setQuery(new MatchAllQueryBuilder())
                .get();
        SearchHits searchHits = searchResponse.getHits();
        SearchHit[] hits = searchHits.getHits();
        for(SearchHit hit:hits){
            String sourceString = hit.getSourceAsString();
            System.out.println(sourceString);
        };
    }

    /**
     * 范围查询
     */
    @Test
    public void  rangeQuery(){
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("employee")
                .setQuery(new RangeQueryBuilder("sal").gte(10000).lte(20000))
                .get();
        SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
        SearchHit[] hits1 = hits.getHits();
        for (SearchHit documentFields : hits1) {
            System.out.println(documentFields.getSourceAsString());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 词条查询:term查询
     * setFetchSource(a,b),a和b必须同时为String或者String[]
     */
    @Test
    public  void termQuery(){
        String[] include_source = {"name","age","job"};
        String[] exclude_a = null;
        String[] exclude_b = {"age"};
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("employee")
                .setQuery(new TermQueryBuilder("job", "java"))
//                .setFetchSource(include_source,exclude_a)//设置只返回指定的字段或者不回哪些字段,
                .setFetchSource(include_source,exclude_b) //设置不返回age
                .get();
        SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
        SearchHit[] hits1 = hits.getHits();
        for (SearchHit documentFields : hits1) {
            System.out.println(documentFields.getSourceAsString());
        }
    }

    /**
     * fuzzy_search 模糊查询
     * .fuzziness(Fuzziness.distancce))
     * 0 : 1或2个字符的字符串
     * 1 : 4或5个字符的字符串
     * 2 : 多于5个字符的字符串字符
     */
    @Test
    public void fuzzy_search(){
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("employee")
                .setQuery(new FuzzyQueryBuilder("job","jaVA").fuzziness(Fuzziness.TWO))
                .get();
        SearchHits searchHit = searchResponse.getHits();
        SearchHit[] hits = searchHit.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit:hits) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
    }

    /**
     * boolQuery 多条件组合查询
     */
    @Test
    public void boolQuery(){
        int pageSize = 3;
        int pageNum = 2;
        int startNum = (pageNum-1)*pageSize;
        TermQueryBuilder termQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.termQuery("job","html");
        RangeQueryBuilder rangeQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("sal").gt("10000").lt("25000");
        FuzzyQueryBuilder fuzzyQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.fuzzyQuery("gender","fe").fuzziness(Fuzziness.ONE);
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("employee")
                .setQuery(QueryBuilders.boolQuery().must(termQueryBuilder)
                .should(QueryBuilders.boolQuery().must(rangeQueryBuilder).must(fuzzyQueryBuilder)))
                .addSort("id",SortOrder.ASC)
                .setFrom(startNum)
                .setSize(pageSize)
                .get();
        SearchHits searchHit = searchResponse.getHits();
        SearchHit[] hits = searchHit.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit:hits) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分页查询
     */
    @Test
    public void pageQuery(){
        int pageSize = 5;
        int pageNum = 1;
        int startNum = (pageNum-1)*pageSize;
        SearchResponse searchResponse = transportClient.prepareSearch("employee")
                .setQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery())
                .addSort("id", SortOrder.ASC)
                .setSize(pageSize)
                .setFrom(startNum)
                .get();
        SearchHits searchHits = searchResponse.getHits();
        SearchHit[] hits = searchHits.getHits();
        for(SearchHit searchHit:hits){
            System.out.println(searchHit.getSourceAsString());
        }
    }