RMAN-06056: could not access datafile RMAN-06169:could not read file header for datafile error

于 2024-06-14 11:56:00 发布
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文章目录

前言

在“年轻”时候，由于操作错误导致一个数据库的数据文件存在了遗留问题，近期各备份厂商进行备份测试，无法备份这个库：原因是这个表空间无法进行备份。
在这里插入图片描述
展示下之前的操作步骤：

在这里插入图片描述

一、处理办法：

处理故障产生过程和处理办法：
1.模拟创建文件后删除offline drop
2.rm删除文件
3.delete删除字典记录file$
4.尝试rman备份，果然预期报错
5.把rm的文件创建回去alter database create datafile 26 as ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/jyc/users10.dbf’;
6.测试rman备份正常。

二、模拟操作：

1.创建文件后删除offline drop

SQL> alter session set container=DBCENTER;

Session altered.

SQL> select file_id,file_name,ONLINE_STATUS from dba_data_files;

   FILE_ID
----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
        10
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/system.649.1056480121
SYSTEM

        11
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/sysaux.650.1056480121
ONLINE

   FILE_ID
----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------

        12
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/undotbs1.644.1056480121
ONLINE

        13
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/undo_2.661.1056480135

   FILE_ID
----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
ONLINE

        14
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.652.1056480135
ONLINE

        51

   FILE_ID
----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.860.1120400973
ONLINE

        52
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.861.1120400977
ONLINE


   FILE_ID
----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
        50
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/dbcenter.706.1056569261
ONLINE

        60
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/test.865.1120403261
ONLINE

   FILE_ID
----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------


9 rows selected.

SQL> select tablespace_name,file_id,file_name,ONLINE_STATUS from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
SYSTEM                                 10
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/system.649.1056480121
SYSTEM

SYSAUX                                 11
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/sysaux.650.1056480121
ONLINE

TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------

UNDOTBS1                               12
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/undotbs1.644.1056480121
ONLINE

UNDO_2                                 13
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/undo_2.661.1056480135

TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
ONLINE

USERS                                  14
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.652.1056480135
ONLINE

USERS                                  51

TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.860.1120400973
ONLINE

USERS                                  52
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.861.1120400977
ONLINE


TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
DBCENTER                               50
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/dbcenter.706.1056569261
ONLINE

TEST                                   60
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/test.865.1120403261
ONLINE

TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------


9 rows selected.

SQL> alter tablespace users add datafile 'DATA' size 1M;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> select tablespace_name,file_id,file_name,ONLINE_STATUS from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='USERS';

TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
USERS                                  14
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.652.1056480135
ONLINE

USERS                                  51
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.860.1120400973
ONLINE

TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------

USERS                                  52
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.861.1120400977
ONLINE

USERS                                  68
/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/DATA

TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
ONLINE


SQL> select file_name,ONLINE_STATUS from dba_data_files where FILE_ID=68;

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/DATA
ONLINE


SQL> alter database datafile '/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/DATA' OFFLINE DROP;

Database altered.

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            +DATA
Oldest online log sequence     129
Next log sequence to archive   130
Current log sequence           130
SQL> select file_name,ONLINE_STATUS from dba_data_files where FILE_ID=68;

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE_
-------
/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/DATA
RECOVER


SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile where file#=68;

     FILE# STATUS
---------- -------
        68 RECOVER

2.rm 删除文件

SQL> !rm /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/DATA

SQL> !ls -l /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/DATA
ls: cannot access /oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/DATA: No such file or directory

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.8.0.0.0

3.delete删除字典记录file$

SQL> delete from file$ where file#=68;

1 row deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.8.0.0.0

4.尝试rman备份

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 15:26:41 2024
Version 19.8.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DW (DBID=3474552567)

RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 2024-06-13 15:26:46
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=233 instance=dw1 device type=DISK
RMAN-06169: could not read file header for datafile 68 error reason 4
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 06/13/2024 15:26:48
RMAN-06056: could not access datafile 68

RMAN> exit

5.把rm的文件创建回去

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 15:28:30 2024
Version 19.8.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2020, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.8.0.0.0

SQL> alter session set container=DBCENTER;

Session altered.

SQL> alter database create datafile 68 as '+DATA';

Database altered.

SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile where file#=68;

     FILE# STATUS
---------- -------
        68 RECOVER

SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile where file#=68;

     FILE# STATUS
---------- -------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        68 RECOVER
+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.942.1171553363


SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.8.0.0.0

此处需要注意一点：create 的文件大小要和之前的文件大小一致才可以。
在这里插入图片描述
1310720blocks*8k/1024=10240M

在这里插入图片描述

6.测试rman备份正常

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 15:29:47 2024
Version 19.8.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DW (DBID=3474552567)

RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 2024-06-13 15:29:51
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=233 instance=dw1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/DW/DATAFILE/system.648.1056479069
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/DW/DATAFILE/undotbs1.643.1056479109
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/DW/DATAFILE/sysaux.668.1056479095
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/DW/DATAFILE/undotbs2.667.1056479729
input datafile file number=00057 name=+DATA/DW/DATAFILE/test.862.1120403003
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/DW/DATAFILE/users.657.1056479111
input datafile file number=00059 name=+DATA/DW/DATAFILE/test.864.1120403025
input datafile file number=00058 name=+DATA/DW/DATAFILE/test.863.1120403023
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2024-06-13 15:29:52
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2024-06-13 15:30:07
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/3n2t8v3g_1_1 tag=TAG20240613T152952 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/sysaux.650.1056480121
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/system.649.1056480121
input datafile file number=00012 name=+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/undotbs1.644.1056480121
input datafile file number=00013 name=+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/undo_2.661.1056480135
input datafile file number=00068 name=+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.942.1171553363
input datafile file number=00052 name=+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.861.1120400977
input datafile file number=00051 name=+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.860.1120400973
input datafile file number=00014 name=+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/users.652.1056480135
input datafile file number=00050 name=+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/dbcenter.706.1056569261
input datafile file number=00060 name=+DATA/DW/B40FCB825F88345DE053B634A8C0D6E5/DATAFILE/test.865.1120403261
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2024-06-13 15:30:08
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2024-06-13 15:30:15
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/3o2t8v3v_1_1 tag=TAG20240613T152952 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00016 name=+DATA/DW/B412D1E327904CCBE053B534A8C003EB/DATAFILE/sysaux.656.1056493151
input datafile file number=00015 name=+DATA/DW/B412D1E327904CCBE053B534A8C003EB/DATAFILE/system.645.1056493151
input datafile file number=00017 name=+DATA/DW/B412D1E327904CCBE053B534A8C003EB/DATAFILE/undotbs1.646.1056493151
input datafile file number=00018 name=+DATA/DW/B412D1E327904CCBE053B534A8C003EB/DATAFILE/undo_2.660.1056493151
input datafile file number=00019 name=+DATA/DW/B412D1E327904CCBE053B534A8C003EB/DATAFILE/users.662.1056493151
input datafile file number=00061 name=+DATA/DW/B412D1E327904CCBE053B534A8C003EB/DATAFILE/test.866.1120403309
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2024-06-13 15:30:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2024-06-13 15:30:22
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/3p2t8v47_1_1 tag=TAG20240613T152952 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00036 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265BD55CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/sysaux.692.1056493625
input datafile file number=00035 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265BD55CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/system.691.1056493625
input datafile file number=00037 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265BD55CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/undotbs1.689.1056493625
input datafile file number=00038 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265BD55CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/undo_2.690.1056493625
input datafile file number=00039 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265BD55CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/users.688.1056493625
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2024-06-13 15:30:22
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2024-06-13 15:30:29
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/3q2t8v4e_1_1 tag=TAG20240613T152952 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00041 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265BF55CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/sysaux.698.1056493701
input datafile file number=00040 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265BF55CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/system.697.1056493701
input datafile file number=00042 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265BF55CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/undotbs1.695.1056493701
input datafile file number=00043 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265BF55CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/undo_2.696.1056493701
input datafile file number=00044 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265BF55CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/users.694.1056493701
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2024-06-13 15:30:29
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2024-06-13 15:30:32
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/3r2t8v4l_1_1 tag=TAG20240613T152952 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00046 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265C155CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/sysaux.704.1056493713
input datafile file number=00045 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265C155CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/system.703.1056493713
input datafile file number=00047 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265C155CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/undotbs1.701.1056493713
input datafile file number=00048 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265C155CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/undo_2.702.1056493713
input datafile file number=00049 name=+DATA/DW/B412E5F265C155CAE053B534A8C0CB7D/DATAFILE/users.700.1056493713
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刚接手一个库发现RMAN和EXP均无法正常备份，由于这个库没有任何容灾机制和备份策略，所致修复这个备份故障变得很重要，备份重于一切啊，最起码能在出现故障的时候不至于心慌。故障现象：EXPEXP-00056: ORACLE err...
rman备份中出现的ORA-19804和RMAN-06056错误总结及解决方案
范文鹏的博客
07-17 1528
正常情况下rman target / ， backup database即可完成备份 报错：ORA-19804: cannot reclaim 48156160 bytes disk space from 4039114752 limit 1.查看数据库归档状态 archive log list; Database log mode              Archive Mode A
rman backup database 报 RMAN-06169
lsdb
02-08 1863
RMAN> backup database; Starting backup at 08-FEB-14 using channel ORA_DISK_1 RMAN-06169: could not read file header for datafile 6 error reason 4 RMAN-00571: ====================================
ERROR: could not open file */data/postgres/backup/pg rman.ini*: Permission denied
05-24
这个错误提示是因为你没有权限打开 `/data/postgres/backup/pg_rman.ini` 这个文件。你可以尝试以管理员身份运行命令，或者使用 `sudo` 命令来获取足够的权限访问该文件。例如： ``` sudo vi /data/postgres/backup/pg_rman.ini ``` 如果你还是无法访问该文件，则需要检查该文件的权限设置是否正确。你可以使用 `ls -l` 命令查看该文件的权限和所有者信息，并使用 `chmod` 命令修改文件的权限。例如： ``` ls -l /data/postgres/backup/pg_rman.ini chmod 644 /data/postgres/backup/pg_rman.ini ``` 其中，`chmod 644` 表示将该文件的权限设置为 `-rw-r--r--`。
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