验证码插件总结

一、图片式

1、字符验证

Jquery前端生成前端验证

!(function(window, document) {
	function GVerify(options) { //创建一个图形验证码对象，接收options对象为参数
		this.options = { //默认options参数值
			id: "", //容器Id
			canvasId: "verifyCanvas", //canvas的ID
			width: "200", //默认canvas宽度
			height: "60", //默认canvas高度
			type: "blend", //图形验证码默认类型blend:数字字母混合类型；number:纯数字；letter:纯字母
			code: ""
		}
		
		if(Object.prototype.toString.call(options) == "[object Object]"){//判断传入参数类型
			for(var i in options) { //根据传入的参数，修改默认参数值
				this.options[i] = options[i];
			}
		}else{
			this.options.id = options;
		}
		
		this.options.numArr = "0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9".split(",");
		this.options.letterArr = getAllLetter();

		this._init();
		this.refresh();
	}

	GVerify.prototype = {
		
		/**初始化方法**/
		_init: function() {
			var con = document.getElementById(this.options.id);
			var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
			this.options.width = con.offsetWidth > 0 ? con.offsetWidth : "100";
			this.options.height = con.offsetHeight > 0 ? con.offsetHeight : "30";
			canvas.id = this.options.canvasId;
			canvas.width = this.options.width;
			canvas.height = this.options.height;
			canvas.style.cursor = "pointer";
			canvas.innerHTML = "您的浏览器版本不支持canvas";
			con.appendChild(canvas);
			var parent = this;
			canvas.onclick = function(){
				parent.refresh();
			}
		},
		
		/**生成验证码**/
		refresh: function() {
			this.options.code = "";
			var canvas = document.getElementById(this.options.canvasId);
			if(canvas.getContext) {
				var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
			}else{
				return;
			}
			
			ctx.textBaseline = "middle";

			ctx.fillStyle = randomColor(180, 240);
			ctx.fillRect(0, 0, this.options.width, this.options.height);

			if(this.options.type == "blend") { //判断验证码类型
				var txtArr = this.options.numArr.concat(this.options.letterArr);//连接数字的数组与字母的数组
			} else if(this.options.type == "number") {
				var txtArr = this.options.numArr;
			} else {
				var txtArr = this.options.letterArr;
			}

			for(var i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
				var txt = txtArr[randomNum(0, txtArr.length)];
				this.options.code += txt;
				ctx.font = randomNum(this.options.height/2, this.options.height) + 'px SimHei'; //随机生成字体大小
				ctx.fillStyle = randomColor(50, 160); //随机生成字体颜色	
				/**设置字体的阴影的偏移量、模糊等级、阴影颜色**/
				ctx.shadowOffsetX = randomNum(-3, 3);
				ctx.shadowOffsetY = randomNum(-3, 3);
				ctx.shadowBlur = randomNum(-3, 3);
				ctx.shadowColor = "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3)";
				var x = this.options.width / 5 * i;
				var y = this.options.height / 2;
				var deg = randomNum(-30, 30);
				/**设置旋转角度和坐标原点**/
				ctx.translate(x, y);
				ctx.rotate(deg * Math.PI / 180);
				ctx.fillText(txt, 0, 0);
				/**恢复旋转角度和坐标原点**/
				ctx.rotate(-deg * Math.PI / 180);
				ctx.translate(-x, -y);
			}
			/**绘制干扰线**/
			for(var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
				ctx.strokeStyle = randomColor(40, 180);
				ctx.beginPath();
				ctx.moveTo(randomNum(0, this.options.width), randomNum(0, this.options.height));
				ctx.lineTo(randomNum(0, this.options.width), randomNum(0, this.options.height));
				ctx.stroke();
			}
			/**绘制干扰点**/
			for(var i = 0; i < this.options.width/4; i++) {
				ctx.fillStyle = randomColor(0, 255);
				ctx.beginPath();
				ctx.arc(randomNum(0, this.options.width), randomNum(0, this.options.height), 1, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
				ctx.fill();
			}
		},
		
		/**验证验证码**/
		validate: function(code){
			var code = code.toLowerCase();
			var v_code = this.options.code.toLowerCase();
			console.log(v_code);
			if(code == v_code){
				return true;
			}else{
				this.refresh();
				return false;
			}
		}
	}
	/**生成字母数组**/
	function getAllLetter() {
		var letterStr = "a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9";
		return letterStr.split(",");
	}
	/**生成一个随机数**/
	function randomNum(min, max) {
		return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min) + min);
	}
	/**生成一个随机色**/
	function randomColor(min, max) {
		var r = randomNum(min, max);
		var g = randomNum(min, max);
		var b = randomNum(min, max);
		return "rgb(" + r + "," + g + "," + b + ")";
	}
	window.GVerify = GVerify;
})(window, document);

 

2、计算题验证

比如华东师范大学的OJ登陆界面

二、行为式

1、滑动形滑块移动

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>滑动解锁</title>
    <link href="http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <style>
        *{
            margin:0;
            padding: 0;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            -webkit-touch-callout: none;
            -webkit-user-select: none;
            -khtml-user-select: none;
            -moz-user-select: none;
            -ms-user-select: none;
            user-select: none;
        }
        .outer{
            position: relative;
            margin:20px auto;
            width: 200px;
            height: 30px;
            line-height: 28px;
            border:1px solid #ccc;
            background: #ccc9c9;
        }
        .outer span,.filter-box,.inner{
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
        }
        .outer span{
            display: block;
            padding:0  0 0 36px;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            color: #fff;
            text-align: center;
            font-size: 10px;
        }
        .filter-box{
            width: 0;
            height: 100%;
            background: #7bbb55;
            z-index: 9;
        }
        .outer.act span{
            padding:0 36px 0 0;
            /*font-size: 5px;*/
        }
        .inner{
            width: 36px;
            height: 28px;
            text-align: center;
            background: #fff;
            cursor: pointer;
            font-family: "STKaiti";
            z-index: 10;
            /*font-weight: bold;*/
            color: #929292;
        }
        .outer.act .inner{
            color: #7bbb55;
        }
        .outer.act span{
            z-index: 99;
        }
    </style>
    <script src="http://www.jq22.com/jquery/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(function(){
            $(".inner").mousedown(function(e){
                var el = $(".inner"),os = el.offset(),dx,$span=$(".outer>span"),$filter=$(".filter-box"),_differ=$(".outer").width()-el.width();
                $(document).mousemove(function(e){
                    dx = e.pageX - os.left;
                    if(dx<0){
                        dx=0;
                    }else if(dx>_differ){
                        dx=_differ;
                    }
                    $filter.css('width',dx);
                    el.css("left",dx);
                });
                $(document).mouseup(function(e){
                    $(document).off('mousemove');
                    $(document).off('mouseup');
                    dx = e.pageX - os.left;
                    if(dx<_differ){
                        dx=0;
                        $span.html("滑动解锁");
                    }else if(dx>=_differ){
                        dx=_differ;
                        $(".outer").addClass("act");
                        $span.html("验证通过！");
                        el.html('<i class="fa fa-check-circle"></i>');
                    }
                    $filter.css('width',dx);
                    el.css("left",dx);

                })
            })
        })
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="outer">
        <div class="filter-box"></div>
        <span>
            滑动解锁
        </span>
        <div class="inner">&gt;&gt;</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

2、滑动形拼图重叠

(function (window) {
  const l = 42, // 滑块边长
    r = 10, // 滑块半径
    w = 310, // canvas宽度
    h = 155, // canvas高度
    PI = Math.PI
  const L = l + r * 2 // 滑块实际边长

  function getRandomNumberByRange(start, end) {
    return Math.round(Math.random() * (end - start) + start)
  }

  function createCanvas(width, height) {
    const canvas = createElement('canvas')
    canvas.width = width
    canvas.height = height
    return canvas
  }

  function createImg(onload) {
    const img = createElement('img')
    img.crossOrigin = "Anonymous"
    img.onload = onload
    img.onerror = () => {
      img.src = getRandomImg()
    }
    img.src = getRandomImg()
    return img
  }
  
  function createElement(tagName) {
    return document.createElement(tagName)
  }

  function addClass(tag, className) {
    tag.classList.add(className)
  }

  function removeClass(tag, className) {
    tag.classList.remove(className)
  }
  
  function getRandomImg() {
    return '../' + getRandomNumberByRange(0, 2) + '.png'
  }

  function draw(ctx, operation, x, y) {
    ctx.beginPath()
    ctx.moveTo(x, y)
    ctx.lineTo(x + l / 2, y)
    ctx.arc(x + l / 2, y - r + 2, r, 0, 2 * PI)
    ctx.lineTo(x + l / 2, y)
    ctx.lineTo(x + l, y)
    ctx.lineTo(x + l, y + l / 2)
    ctx.arc(x + l + r - 2, y + l / 2, r, 0, 2 * PI)
    ctx.lineTo(x + l, y + l / 2)
    ctx.lineTo(x + l, y + l)
    ctx.lineTo(x, y + l)
    ctx.lineTo(x, y)
    ctx.fillStyle = '#fff'
    ctx[operation]()
    ctx.beginPath()
    ctx.arc(x, y + l / 2, r, 1.5 * PI, 0.5 * PI)
    ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "xor"
    ctx.fill()
  }

  function sum(x, y) {
    return x + y
  }

  function square(x) {
    return x * x
  }

  class jigsaw {
    constructor(el, success, fail) {
      this.el = el
      this.success = success
      this.fail = fail
    }

    init() {
      this.initDOM()
      this.initImg()
      this.draw()
      this.bindEvents()
    }

    initDOM() {
      const canvas = createCanvas(w, h) // 画布
      const block = canvas.cloneNode(true) // 滑块
      const sliderContainer = createElement('div')
      const refreshIcon = createElement('div')
      const sliderMask = createElement('div')
      const slider = createElement('div')
      const sliderIcon = createElement('span')
      const text = createElement('span')

      block.className = 'block'
      sliderContainer.className = 'sliderContainer'
      refreshIcon.className = 'refreshIcon'
      sliderMask.className = 'sliderMask'
      slider.className = 'slider'
      sliderIcon.className = 'sliderIcon'
      text.innerHTML = '向右滑动滑块填充拼图'
      text.className = 'sliderText'

      const el = this.el
      el.appendChild(canvas)
      el.appendChild(refreshIcon)
      el.appendChild(block)
      slider.appendChild(sliderIcon)
      sliderMask.appendChild(slider)
      sliderContainer.appendChild(sliderMask)
      sliderContainer.appendChild(text)
      el.appendChild(sliderContainer)

      Object.assign(this, {
        canvas,
        block,
        sliderContainer,
        refreshIcon,
        slider,
        sliderMask,
        sliderIcon,
        text,
        canvasCtx: canvas.getContext('2d'),
        blockCtx: block.getContext('2d')
      })
    }

    initImg() {
      const img = createImg(() => {
        this.canvasCtx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, w, h)
        this.blockCtx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, w, h)
        const y = this.y - r * 2 + 2
        const ImageData = this.blockCtx.getImageData(this.x, y, L, L)
        this.block.width = L
        this.blockCtx.putImageData(ImageData, 0, y)
      })
      this.img = img
    }

    draw() {
      // 随机创建滑块的位置
      this.x = getRandomNumberByRange(L + 10, w - (L + 10))
      this.y = getRandomNumberByRange(10 + r * 2, h - (L + 10))
      draw(this.canvasCtx, 'fill', this.x, this.y)
      draw(this.blockCtx, 'clip', this.x, this.y)
    }

    clean() {
      this.canvasCtx.clearRect(0, 0, w, h)
      this.blockCtx.clearRect(0, 0, w, h)
      this.block.width = w
    }

    bindEvents() {
      this.el.onselectstart = () => false
      this.refreshIcon.onclick = () => {
        this.reset()
      }

      let originX, originY, trail = [], isMouseDown = false
      this.slider.addEventListener('mousedown', function (e) {
        originX = e.x, originY = e.y
        isMouseDown = true
      })
      document.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
        if (!isMouseDown) return false
        const moveX = e.x - originX
        const moveY = e.y - originY
        if (moveX < 0 || moveX + 38 >= w) return false
        this.slider.style.left = moveX + 'px'
        var blockLeft = (w - 40 - 20) / (w - 40) * moveX
        this.block.style.left = blockLeft + 'px'

        addClass(this.sliderContainer, 'sliderContainer_active')
        this.sliderMask.style.width = moveX + 'px'
        trail.push(moveY)
      })
      document.addEventListener('mouseup', (e) => {
        if (!isMouseDown) return false
        isMouseDown = false
        if (e.x == originX) return false
        removeClass(this.sliderContainer, 'sliderContainer_active')
        this.trail = trail
        const {spliced, TuringTest} = this.verify()
        if (spliced) {
          if (TuringTest) {
            addClass(this.sliderContainer, 'sliderContainer_success')
            this.success && this.success()
          } else {
            addClass(this.sliderContainer, 'sliderContainer_fail')
            this.text.innerHTML = '再试一次'
            this.reset()
          }
        } else {
          addClass(this.sliderContainer, 'sliderContainer_fail')
          this.fail && this.fail()
          setTimeout(() => {
            this.reset()
          }, 1000)
        }
      })
    }

    verify() {
      const arr = this.trail // 拖动时y轴的移动距离
      const average = arr.reduce(sum) / arr.length // 平均值
      const deviations = arr.map(x => x - average) // 偏差数组
      const stddev = Math.sqrt(deviations.map(square).reduce(sum) / arr.length) // 标准差
      const left = parseInt(this.block.style.left)
      return {
        spliced: Math.abs(left - this.x) < 10,
        TuringTest: average !== stddev, // 只是简单的验证拖动轨迹，相等时一般为0，表示可能非人为操作
      }
    }

    reset() {
      this.sliderContainer.className = 'sliderContainer'
      this.slider.style.left = 0
      this.block.style.left = 0
      this.sliderMask.style.width = 0
      this.clean()
      this.img.src = getRandomImg()
      this.draw()
    }

  }

  window.jigsaw = {
    init: function (element, success, fail) {
      new jigsaw(element, success, fail).init()
    }
  }
}(window))

3、点击按钮进行验证

4、中文字按顺序选择

三 、短信验证

 

 

总结：随着计算机技术的发展和知识的普及，黑客通过图片清理和OCR技术，就能轻松做到对复杂图片验证码的破解。因此越来越多的网站选择行为式验证码和短信验证，图片式验证也逐渐被抛弃。

谷歌预见了形同虚设的图片验证码将迎来时代的终结，早在18年就发出公告正式宣布全面停止图片验证码服务。