8 Netty--NIO 类库的异步通信框架

于 2020-02-10 12:22:44 发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41673498/article/details/104233480
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目录

Netty4.0以下

 

Netty5.0（4.0及其以上粘包和拆包 分隔符区别）

粘包与拆包（TCP）

序列化和反序列化

 

-----重点

io面向于流，nio面向于缓冲区

Netty 用4 ，5不安全

Netty 是一个基于 JAVA NIO 类库的异步通信框架，它的架构特点是：异步非阻塞、基于事件驱动、高性能、高可靠性和高可定制性。

应用场景

1.分布式开源框架中dubbo、Zookeeper，RocketMQ底层rpc通讯使用就是netty。

2.游戏开发中，底层使用netty通讯。

Spring cloud底层使用http通讯

Netty4.0以下

 

同步-对管道获取值用单个线程

      <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0.Final</version>
        </dependency>

netty服务端

import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.*;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
//接受客户端发来的数据
class ServerHander extends SimpleChannelHandler {
    //通道被关闭的时候会被触发
    @Override
    public void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.channelClosed(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("========channelClosed===========");
    }

    //必须建立连接，关闭通道的时候才会触发
    @Override
    public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("========channelDisconnected===========");
    }

    //接受出现的异常
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("========exceptionCaught===========");
    }

    //接受客户端数据
    @Override
    public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("========messageReceived===========");
        System.out.println("服务器获取客户端发来的参数"+e.getMessage());
        ctx.getChannel().write("你好啊，客户端返回的");
    }
}

//netty 服务器端
public class NettyServer {
    //浏览器http://127.0.0.1:8080/访问看控制台
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1创建服务对象
        ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
        //2创建两个线程池 第一个 监听端口号 nio监听
        ExecutorService boos = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        ExecutorService wook = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        //3将线程池放入工程
        serverBootstrap.setFactory(new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(boos,wook));
        //4设置管道工程
        serverBootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
            //设置管道
            @Override
            public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
                ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
                //传输数据时直接转为string类型
                pipeline.addLast("decoder",new StringDecoder());
                pipeline.addLast("encoder",new StringEncoder());
                //设置事件监听类
                pipeline.addLast("serverHander",new ServerHander());
                return pipeline;
            }
        });
        //绑定端口
        serverBootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
        System.out.println("netty服务器端被启动==========");
//        while (true){
//            try {
//                Thread.sleep(500);
//            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//                    e.printStackTrace();
//            }
//            System.out.println("每隔0.5打印");
//        }


    }
}

netty客户端

package com.netty;

import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ClientBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.*;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioClientSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

class ClientHander extends SimpleChannelHandler {
    //通道被关闭的时候会被触发
    @Override
    public void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.channelClosed(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("========channelClosed===========");
    }

    //必须建立连接，关闭通道的时候才会触发
    @Override
    public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("========channelDisconnected===========");
    }

    //接受出现的异常
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("========exceptionCaught===========");
    }

    //接受客户端数据
    @Override
    public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
        super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
        System.out.println("========messageReceived===========");
        System.out.println("服务器向客户端回复的内容"+e.getMessage());
    }
}
public class NettyClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1创建服务对象
        ClientBootstrap clientBootstrap = new ClientBootstrap();
        //2创建两个线程池 第一个 监听端口号 nio监听
        ExecutorService boos = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        ExecutorService wook = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        //3将线程池放入工程
        clientBootstrap.setFactory(new NioClientSocketChannelFactory(boos,wook));
        //4设置管道工程
        clientBootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
            //设置管道
            @Override
            public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
                ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
                //传输数据时直接转为string类型
                pipeline.addLast("decoder",new StringDecoder());
                pipeline.addLast("encoder",new StringEncoder());
                //设置事件监听类
                pipeline.addLast("clientHander",new ClientHander());
                return pipeline;
            }
        });
        //绑定端口
        ChannelFuture connect = clientBootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080));
        System.out.println("netty客户端端被启动==========");
        Channel channel = connect.getChannel();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true){
            System.out.println("输入内容=====");
            channel.write(scanner.next());

        }


    }
}

Netty5.0（4.0及其以上粘包和拆包 分隔符区别）

官网上说netty不安全

  <dependency>
        <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
        <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.0.Alpha2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jboss.marshalling</groupId>
        <artifactId>jboss-marshalling</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.19.GA</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jboss.marshalling</groupId>
        <artifactId>jboss-marshalling-serial</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.19.GA</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
NettyServer.java
package com.cn;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
class ServerHander extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{
    /**
     * 当通道被调用，执行方法（拿到数据） 127.0.0.1:8080测试
     */
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        String value=(String)msg;
        System.out.println("服务器收到客户端msg:"+value);
        //回复客户端
        ctx.writeAndFlush("收到了。。。");
//        ctx.write("111");
//        ctx.write("666");
//        ctx.flush();
    }
}
public class NettyServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("服务器端启动。。。。");
        try {
            //1创建两个线程池 一个负责接受客户端，一个进行传输
            NioEventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            NioEventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            //2创建辅助类
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(pGroup,cGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG,1024)
                    //3设置缓冲区大小
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF,32*1024).option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF,32*1024)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                            //设置返回是string类型
                            sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());//解码
                            sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHander());
                        }
                    });
            //启动
            ChannelFuture cf = b.bind(8080).sync();
            //关闭
            cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }catch (Exception e){
        }
    }
}
结果
服务器端启动。。。。
服务器收到客户端msg:ceh1ceh2ceh3
服务器收到客户端msg:ceh4ceh5ceh6
NettyClient.java
package com.cn;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
class ClientHander extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
    /**
     * 当通道被调用，执行方法（拿到数据） 127.0.0.1:8080测试
     */
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        String value=(String)msg;
        System.out.println("服务器收到客户端msg:"+value);
    }
}
public class NettyClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("客户端启动。。。。");
        try {
            //创建负责接受客户端连接
            NioEventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
            b.group(pGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class).handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                            //设置返回是string类型
                            sc.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());//解码
                            sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHander());
                        }
                    });
            //启动
            ChannelFuture cf = b.connect("127.0.0.1",8080).sync();
            cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("ceh1_dd".getBytes()));
            cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("ceh1_dd".getBytes()));
            cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("ceh1_dd".getBytes()));
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("ceh1_dd".getBytes()));
            cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("ceh1_dd".getBytes()));
            cf.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("ceh1_dd".getBytes()));
            //等待客户端端口号关闭
            cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }catch (Exception e){
        }
    }
}

粘包与拆包（TCP）

拆包方式一代码

ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("_dd".getBytes());//有dd就发送
sc.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024,byteBuf));

拆包方式二（不常用）

 sc.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(10));

服务器端和客户端都加上

 

序列化和反序列化

dobble用接口调用，底层用netty，通过netty通讯，将接口转化为二进制文件，传给服务器端

 

序列化协议(数据交换格式) ：json,xml，protobuf

 

 

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