React事件
React 标准化了事件对象,因此在不同的浏览器中都会有相同的属性。
组件createClass后创建的是许多方法组成的对象。组件中使用的方法分为React自有的方法与用户定义的方法。其中React自有方法是组件生命周期中的方法,如:render
、componentWillUpdate
、componentDidMount
等。用户自定义的方法可以起符合JS命名规范的方法就可以(最好使用驼峰命名),如:handleClick
、handleChange
、handleMouseover
等。
事件绑定语法:onClick = {this.handleClick}
事件绑定函数
鼠标类
onClick
onContextMenu
onDoubleClick
onMouseDown
onMouseEnter
onMouseLeave
onMouseMove
onMouseOut
onMouseOver
onMouseUp
拖拽事件:
onDrop
onDrag
onDragEnd
onDragEnter
onDragExit
onDragLeave
onDragOver
onDragStart
触摸
onTouchCancel
onTouchEnd
onTouchMove
onTouchStart
触摸只会在移动设备上产生
键盘
onKeyPress
是onKeyDown
和onKeyUp
的组合
onKeyDown
onKeyPress
onKeyUp
剪切类
onCopy
onCut
onPaste
对应的是我们常常使用的复制、剪切和粘贴
表单类
onChange
onInput
onSubmit
onChange
可以用在输入框、单选框、下拉列表里,每当内容发生变化时我们都能获得通知。onInput
使用在文字输入。onSubmit
是用在整个表单的输入提交,常用在禁止表单的默认操作。
焦点事件
onFocus
onBlur
UI元素类
onScroll
滚动事件触发的时候会触发onScroll事件
滚动
onWheel
鼠标滚轮触发的事件,监听滚动幅度,滚动方位
组成事件
onCompositionEnd
onCompositionStart
onCompositionUpdate
图片类
onLoad
onError
多媒体类
onAbort onCanPlay onCanPlayThrough onDurationChange onEmptied onEncrypted onEnded onError onLoadedData onLoadedMetadata onLoadStart onPause onPlay onPlaying onProgress onRateChange onSeeked onSeeking onStalled onSuspend onTimeUpdate onVolumeChange onWaiting
实例演示
let HelloDada = React.creatClass({
getInitialState:function(){
return{
name:''
};
},
handleChange:function(e){
this.setState({
name:e.target.value
});
},
render:function(){
return (
<div>
<input onChange={this.handleChange} />
</div>
);
}
});
ReactDom.render(<HelloDada/>,document.body);
事件池
虚拟事件对象已经被合并。这意味着虚拟事件对象将被重新使用,而该事件回调被调用之后所有的属性将无效。这是出于性能的考虑。因此,您不能以异步的方式访问事件。
function onClick(event) {
console.log(event); // =>无效的对象
console.log(event.type); // => "click"
var eventType = event.type; // => "click"
setTimeout(function() {
console.log(event.type); // => null
console.log(eventType); // => "click"
}, 0);
this.setState({clickEvent: event}); // 不起作用.this.state.clickEvent 将只包含空值.
this.setState({eventType: event.type}); // 您依然可以导出事件属性
}
如果您想以一个异步的方式来访问事件属性,您应该对事件调用
event.persist()
。这将从事件池中取出合成的事件,并允许该事件的引用,使用户的代码被保留。
事件对象
事件处理器将会传入SyntheticEvent
的实例,一个对浏览器本地事件的跨浏览器封装。它有和浏览器本地事件相同的属性和方法,包括stopPropagation()
和preventDefault()
,但是没有浏览器兼容问题。如果因为一些因素,需要底层的浏览器事件对象,只要使用nativeEvent
属性就可以获取到它了。
对于 v0.14,在事件处理函数中返回 false 将不会阻止事件冒泡。取而代之的是在合适的应用场景下,手动调用
e.stopPropagation()
或者e.preventDefault()
。
handleChange:function(e){ console.log(e.target.value); }
其中e
是事件对象target
是事件对象的属性
(以下内容括号内为类型)
通用属性
-
bubbles (boolean) 表示事件是否冒泡
-
cancelable(boolean) 表示事件是否可以取消
-
currentTarget(DOMEventTarget) 与Target类似,由于事件可以冒泡,所以两者表示的内容是不同的
-
defaultPrevented(boolean) 表示事件是否禁止了默认行为
-
eventPhase(number) 表示事件所处的阶段
-
isTrusted(boolean) 表示事件是否可信。所谓的可信事件表示的是用户操作的事件,不可信事件就是通过JS代码来触发的事件。
-
nativeEvent(DOMEvent)
-
preventDefault() (void) 对应的defaultPrevented,表示的是禁止默认行为
-
stopPropagaTion() (void) 对应的是bubbles,表示的是sh
-
target(DOMEventTarget)
-
timeStamp(number) 时间戳,也就是事件触发的事件
-
type(string) 事件的类型
不同事件对象的特有属性
剪切事件
-
clipboardData(DOMDataTransfer)表示拿到的数据
键盘事件
-
altKey(boolean) 表示是否按下alt键
-
charCode(Number) 表示的是按键的字符编码,可以通过编码来判断按下的是什么键
-
ctrlKey(boolean) 表示是否按下ctrl键
-
getModifierState(key) (function) 表示是否按下辅助按键(辅助按键就是雷士ctrl、shift等辅助按键)可以传入按键编码来判断是否按下
-
key(string) 字符串,按下的键
-
keyCode(Number) 表示那些不是字符编码的按键
-
locale(String) 表示本地化得一些字符串
-
location(number) 表示位置
-
metaKey(boolean) 表示的是win系统下的win键,mac系统下对应的command键
-
repeat(boolean) 表示按键是否重复
-
shiftKey(boolean) 表示是否按下shift
-
which(Number) 表示经过通用化得charCode和keyCode
焦点事件
-
relatedTarget(DOMEventTarget) 相关焦点对象
鼠标事件
-
altKey(boolean)
-
button(Number)
-
buttons(Number)
-
clientX(Number) 原点为浏览器左上角
-
clinetY(Number) 原点为浏览器左上角
-
ctrlKey(boolean)
-
getModifierState(key) (function)
-
metaKey(boolean)
-
pageX(Number) 原点为HTML页面的左上角
-
pageY(Number) 原点为HTML页面的左上角
-
relatedTarget(DOMEventTarget)
-
screenX(Number) 原点为显示器的左上角
-
screenY(Number) 原点为显示器的左上角
-
shiftKey(boolean)
触摸事件
为了使触摸事件生效,在渲染所有组件之前调用
React.initializeTouchEvents(true)
。
-
altKey(boolean)
-
ctrlKey(boolean)
-
getModifierState(key)
-
metaKey(boolean)
-
shiftKey(boolean)
-
changedTouches(DOMTouchList) 判断手势操作
-
targetTouches(DOMTouchList) 判断手势操作
-
touches(DOMTouchList) 判断手势操作
UI元素事件
-
detail(Number) 滚动的距离
-
view(DOMAbstractView) 界面,视窗
鼠标滚动
-
deltaMode(Number) 可以理解为移动的单位
-
deltaX(Number) X轴移动的相对距离固定值
-
deltaY(Number) Y轴移动的相对距离固定值
-
deltaZ(Number) Z轴移动的相对距离固定值
实例
-
滚动事件对象
var HelloDada = React.creatClass({
getInitialState:function(){
return {
backgroundColor:'#FFFFFF'
}
},
handleWheel:function(e){
var newColor = (parseInt(this.state.backgroundColor.substr(1),16)+e.deltaY*997).tiString(16);
this.setState({
backgroundColor:newColor
})
},
render:function(){
return <div onWheel={this.handleWheel} style={this.state}>
<p>Dada Shuaige</p>
</div>
}
});
ReactDOM.render(<HelloDada />,document.body)
2.键盘事件对象
let Dada =React.creatClass{
getInitialState:function(){
return{
password:''
}
},
handleKeyPress:function(e){
this.setState({
paddword:this.state.password+e.which
});
},
handleChange:function(e){
e.target.value='';
},
render:function(){
return <div>
<input onKeyPress={this.handleKeyPress} onChange={this.handleChange} />
<p style={{
'display':this.state.password.indexOf('1') >=0?'block':'none'
}}>Dada handsomeboy</p>
</div>
}
};
ReactDOM.render(<Dada />,document.body)
事件与状态关联
状态不仅仅实现了组件内部结果的清晰对应,还实现了组件与用户之间的交互,使用户与组件的行为紧紧结合起来
handleChange:function(e){ this.setState({Dada:e.target.value}); }
this.setState设置状态
实例
let Dada =React.creatClass({
getInitialState:function(){
return{
x:0,
y:0
}
},
handleMouseMove:function(e){
this.setState({
x:e.clientX,
y:e.clientY
});
},
render:function(){
return <div onMouseMove={this.handleMouseMove} style={{
width:'200px',
height:'200px',
backgroundColor:'#999'
}}>
{this.state.x+'.'+this.state.y}
</div>
}
});
ReactDOM.render(<Dada />,document.body)
React原文说明
SyntheticEvent
This reference guide documents the SyntheticEvent
wrapper that forms part of React’s Event System. See the Handling Events guide to learn more.
Overview
Your event handlers will be passed instances of SyntheticEvent
, a cross-browser wrapper around the browser’s native event. It has the same interface as the browser’s native event, including stopPropagation()
and preventDefault()
, except the events work identically across all browsers.
If you find that you need the underlying browser event for some reason, simply use the nativeEvent
attribute to get it. Every SyntheticEvent
object has the following attributes:
boolean bubbles boolean cancelable DOMEventTarget currentTarget boolean defaultPrevented number eventPhase boolean isTrusted DOMEvent nativeEvent void preventDefault() boolean isDefaultPrevented() void stopPropagation() boolean isPropagationStopped() DOMEventTarget target number timeStamp string type
Note:
As of v0.14, returning
false
from an event handler will no longer stop event propagation. Instead,e.stopPropagation()
ore.preventDefault()
should be triggered manually, as appropriate.
Event Pooling
The SyntheticEvent
is pooled. This means that the SyntheticEvent
object will be reused and all properties will be nullified after the event callback has been invoked. This is for performance reasons. As such, you cannot access the event in an asynchronous way.
function onClick(event) { console.log(event); // => nullified object. console.log(event.type); // => "click" const eventType = event.type; // => "click" setTimeout(function() { console.log(event.type); // => null console.log(eventType); // => "click" }, 0); // Won't work. this.state.clickEvent will only contain null values. this.setState({clickEvent: event}); // You can still export event properties. this.setState({eventType: event.type}); }
Note:
If you want to access the event properties in an asynchronous way, you should call
event.persist()
on the event, which will remove the synthetic event from the pool and allow references to the event to be retained by user code.
Supported Events
React normalizes events so that they have consistent properties across different browsers.
The event handlers below are triggered by an event in the bubbling phase. To register an event handler for the capture phase, append Capture
to the event name; for example, instead of using onClick
, you would use onClickCapture
to handle the click event in the capture phase.
Reference
Clipboard Events
Event names:
onCopy onCut onPaste
Properties:
DOMDataTransfer clipboardData
Composition Events
Event names:
onCompositionEnd onCompositionStart onCompositionUpdate
Properties:
string data
Keyboard Events
Event names:
onKeyDown onKeyPress onKeyUp
Properties:
boolean altKey number charCode boolean ctrlKey boolean getModifierState(key) string key number keyCode string locale number location boolean metaKey boolean repeat boolean shiftKey number which
The key
property can take any of the values documented in the DOM Level 3 Events spec.
Focus Events
Event names:
onFocus onBlur
These focus events work on all elements in the React DOM, not just form elements.
Properties:
DOMEventTarget relatedTarget
Form Events
Event names:
onChange onInput onInvalid onSubmit
For more information about the onChange event, see Forms.
Mouse Events
Event names:
onClick onContextMenu onDoubleClick onDrag onDragEnd onDragEnter onDragExit onDragLeave onDragOver onDragStart onDrop onMouseDown onMouseEnter onMouseLeave onMouseMove onMouseOut onMouseOver onMouseUp
The onMouseEnter
and onMouseLeave
events propagate from the element being left to the one being entered instead of ordinary bubbling and do not have a capture phase.
Properties:
boolean altKey number button number buttons number clientX number clientY boolean ctrlKey boolean getModifierState(key) boolean metaKey number pageX number pageY DOMEventTarget relatedTarget number screenX number screenY boolean shiftKey
Pointer Events
Event names:
onPointerDown onPointerMove onPointerUp onPointerCancel onGotPointerCapture onLostPointerCapture onPointerEnter onPointerLeave onPointerOver onPointerOut
The onPointerEnter
and onPointerLeave
events propagate from the element being left to the one being entered instead of ordinary bubbling and do not have a capture phase.
Properties:
As defined in the W3 spec, pointer events extend Mouse Events with the following properties:
number pointerId number width number height number pressure number tangentialPressure number tiltX number tiltY number twist string pointerType boolean isPrimary
A note on cross-browser support:
Pointer events are not yet supported in every browser (at the time of writing this article, supported browsers include: Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Internet Explorer). React deliberately does not polyfill support for other browsers because a standard-conform polyfill would significantly increase the bundle size of react-dom
.
If your application requires pointer events, we recommend adding a third party pointer event polyfill.
Selection Events
Event names:
onSelect
Touch Events
Event names:
onTouchCancel onTouchEnd onTouchMove onTouchStart
Properties:
boolean altKey DOMTouchList changedTouches boolean ctrlKey boolean getModifierState(key) boolean metaKey boolean shiftKey DOMTouchList targetTouches DOMTouchList touches
UI Events
Event names:
onScroll
Properties:
number detail DOMAbstractView view
Wheel Events
Event names:
onWheel
Properties:
number deltaMode number deltaX number deltaY number deltaZ
Media Events
Event names:
onAbort onCanPlay onCanPlayThrough onDurationChange onEmptied onEncrypted onEnded onError onLoadedData onLoadedMetadata onLoadStart onPause onPlay onPlaying onProgress onRateChange onSeeked onSeeking onStalled onSuspend onTimeUpdate onVolumeChange onWaiting
Image Events
Event names:
onLoad onError
Animation Events
Event names:
onAnimationStart onAnimationEnd onAnimationIteration
Properties:
string animationName string pseudoElement float elapsedTime
Transition Events
Event names:
onTransitionEnd
Properties:
string propertyName string pseudoElement float elapsedTime
Other Events
Event names:
onToggle