多态成员访问的特点

Parent p = new Child();

多态成员访问的特点

成员变量

编译看左边（基类），运行看左边（基类）；无论如何都是访问基类的成员变量。

成员方法

编译看左边（基类），运行看右边（派生类），动态绑定。

Static方法

编译看左边（基类），运行看左边（基类）。

只有非静态的成员方法,编译看左边,运行看右边。

这样，我们也可以得出多态的局限：

不能使用派生类特有的成员属性和派生类特有的成员方法。

代码举例：

1. 创建父类Animal类

public class Animal {
    int age = 1;
    static int rank = 11;
    String name;

    public Animal(){
        this.name = "Animal";
    }

    public String getName(){
        return this.name;
    }

    public int getAge(){
        return age;
    }

    public int getRank(){
        return this.rank;
    }

    public static int getStaticRank(){
        return rank;
    }
}

2. 创建子类Cat

public class Cat extends Animal{

    int age = 2;
    static int rank = 22;


    Cat(){
        name = "Cat";
    }

    public int getAge(){
        return age;
    }

    public int getRank(){
        return this.rank;
    }

    public static int getStaticRank(){
        return rank;
    }
}

3. 创建子类Dog

public class Dog extends Animal{

    int age = 3;
    static int rank = 33;

    Dog(){
        name = "Dog";
    }

    public int getAge(){
        return age;
    }

    public int getRank(){
        return this.rank;
    }

    public static int getStaticRank(){
        return rank;
    }
}

4. 验证

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Animal animal = new Animal();
        Animal cat = new Cat();
        Animal dog = new Dog();

        System.out.println("====================================");
        System.out.println("animal : "+animal.getName());
        System.out.println("cat : "+cat.getName());
        System.out.println("dog : "+dog.getName());
        System.out.println("====================================");
        System.out.println("animal age is " + animal.age);
        System.out.println("cat age is " + cat.age);
        System.out.println("dog age is " + dog.age);
        System.out.println("====================================");
        System.out.println("animal get age is " + animal.getAge());
        System.out.println("cat get age is " + cat.getAge());
        System.out.println("dog get age is " + dog.getAge());
        System.out.println("====================================");
        System.out.println("animal rank is "+animal.rank);
        System.out.println("cat rank is "+cat.rank);
        System.out.println("dog rank is "+dog.rank);
        System.out.println("====================================");
        System.out.println("animal get rank is "+animal.getRank());
        System.out.println("cat get rank is "+cat.getRank());
        System.out.println("dog get rank is "+dog.getRank());
        System.out.println("====================================");
        System.out.println("animal get static rank is "+animal.getStaticRank());
        System.out.println("cat get static rank is "+cat.getStaticRank());
        System.out.println("dog get static rank is "+dog.getStaticRank());

    }


}

5. 输出结果

====================================
animal : Animal
cat : Cat
dog : Dog
====================================
animal age is 1
cat age is 1
dog age is 1
====================================
animal get age is 1
cat get age is 2
dog get age is 3
====================================
animal rank is 11
cat rank is 11
dog rank is 11
====================================
animal get rank is 11
cat get rank is 22
dog get rank is 33
====================================
animal get static rank is 11
cat get static rank is 11
dog get static rank is 11

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/scyq/p/11667881.html