探究kubernetes 探针参数periodSeconds和timeoutSeconds

探究kubernetes 探针参数 periodSecondstimeoutSeconds

问题起源

kubernetes probes的配置中有两个容易混淆的参数,periodSecondstimeoutSeconds,其配置方式如下:


   
   
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: darwin-app
spec:
containers:
- name: darwin-container
image: darwin-image
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /darwin-path
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 60
periodSeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 5
failureThreshold: 3

官方对这两个参数的解释如下:

  • periodSeconds: How often (in seconds) to perform the probe. Default to 10 seconds. The minimum value is 1.
  • timeoutSeconds: Number of seconds after which the probe times out. Defaults to 1 second. Minimum value is 1.

意思是说periodSeconds表示执行探针的周期,而timeoutSeconds表示执行探针的超时时间。

网上有不少针对这两个参数的讨论(如下),其中涉及到一个问题,如果timeoutSeconds > periodSeconds 会怎么样?

  1. What is the role of timeoutSeconds in kubernetes liveness/readiness probes?
  2. Kubernetes Health Check: timeoutSeconds exceeds periodSeconds
  3. Does periodSeconds in Kubernetes probe configuration count from the last probe time or the last response/failure time?

其中在上面的第3篇中对timeoutSeconds>periodSeconds的情况有如下描述,即在这种情况下,如果探针超时,则探针周期等于timeoutSeconds。那么这种说法是否正确呢?

If you had the opposite (timeoutSeconds=10, periodSeconds=5), then the probes would look as follows:


    
    
0s: liveness probe initiated
10s: liveness probe times out
10s: liveness probe initiated again

源码探究

鉴于网上众说纷纭,我们通过源码来一探究竟。

kubernetes的探针机制是由kubelet执行的,目前支持execgrpchttpGettcpSocket这4种探针方式。

探针的代码逻辑并不复杂,以v1.30.2的代码为例,其入口函数如下,可以看到它会启动一个周期为w.spec.PeriodSeconds(即探针中定义的periodSeconds)定时器,周期性地执行探针。


   
   
// run periodically probes the container.
func (w *worker) run() {
ctx := context.Background()
probeTickerPeriod := time.Duration(w.spec.PeriodSeconds) * time.Second
...
probeTicker := time.NewTicker(probeTickerPeriod)
...
probeLoop:
for w.doProbe(ctx) {
// Wait for next probe tick.
select {
case <-w.stopCh:
break probeLoop
case <-probeTicker.C:
case <-w.manualTriggerCh:
// continue
}
}
}

现在已经找到periodSeconds的用途,下一步需要找到timeoutSeconds

  1. 首先进入doProbe函数,它调用了w.probeManager.prober.probe

    
         
         
    // doProbe probes the container once and records the result.
    // Returns whether the worker should continue.
    func (w *worker) doProbe(ctx context.Context) (keepGoing bool) {
    ...
    // Note, exec probe does NOT have access to pod environment variables or downward API
    result, err := w.probeManager.prober.probe(ctx, w.probeType, w.pod, status, w.container, w.containerID)
    if err != nil {
    // Prober error, throw away the result.
    return true
    }
    ...
    }
  2. 下面的probe函数用于执行一个特定的探针。需要注意的是,它调用了pb.runProbeWithRetries,其中maxProbeRetries值为3,说明在一个周期(periodSeconds)中最多可以执行3次探针命令

    
         
         
    // probe probes the container.
    func (pb *prober) probe(ctx context.Context, probeType probeType, pod *v1.Pod, status v1.PodStatus, container v1.Container, containerID kubecontainer.ContainerID) (results.Result, error) {
    var probeSpec *v1.Probe
    switch probeType {
    case readiness:
    probeSpec = container.ReadinessProbe
    case liveness:
    probeSpec = container.LivenessProbe
    case startup:
    probeSpec = container.StartupProbe
    default:
    return results.Failure, fmt.Errorf("unknown probe type: %q", probeType)
    }
    ...
    result, output, err := pb.runProbeWithRetries(ctx, probeType, probeSpec, pod, status, container, containerID, maxProbeRetries)
    ...
    }
  3. runProbeWithRetries的注释说明,可能会执行多次探针,直到探针返回成功或全部尝试失败:

    
         
         
    // runProbeWithRetries tries to probe the container in a finite loop, it returns the last result
    // if it never succeeds.
    func (pb *prober) runProbeWithRetries(ctx context.Context, probeType probeType, p *v1.Probe, pod *v1.Pod, status v1.PodStatus, container v1.Container, containerID kubecontainer.ContainerID, retries int) (probe.Result, string, error) {
    ...
    for i := 0; i < retries; i++ {
    result, output, err = pb.runProbe(ctx, probeType, p, pod, status, container, containerID)
    ...
    }
    ...
    }
  4. runProbe函数中,最终找到了timeoutSeconds对应的参数p.TimeoutSeconds,其作为各个探针命令的超时参数,如在httpGet类型的探针中,它作为了httpClient的请求超时时间:

    
         
         
    func (pb *prober) runProbe(ctx context.Context, probeType probeType, p *v1.Probe, pod *v1.Pod, status v1.PodStatus, container v1.Container, containerID kubecontainer.ContainerID) (probe.Result, string, error) {
    timeout := time.Duration(p.TimeoutSeconds) * time.Second
    if p.Exec != nil {
    command := kubecontainer.ExpandContainerCommandOnlyStatic(p.Exec.Command, container.Env)
    return pb.exec.Probe(pb.newExecInContainer(ctx, container, containerID, command, timeout))
    }
    if p.HTTPGet != nil {
    req, err := httpprobe.NewRequestForHTTPGetAction(p.HTTPGet, &container, status.PodIP, "probe")
    ...
    return pb.http.Probe(req, timeout)
    }
    if p.TCPSocket != nil {
    port, err := probe.ResolveContainerPort(p.TCPSocket.Port, &container)
    ...
    host := p.TCPSocket.Host
    if host == "" {
    host = status.PodIP
    }
    return pb.tcp.Probe(host, port, timeout)
    }
    if utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate.Enabled(kubefeatures.GRPCContainerProbe) && p.GRPC != nil {
    host := status.PodIP
    service := ""
    if p.GRPC.Service != nil {
    service = *p.GRPC.Service
    }
    return pb.grpc.Probe(host, service, int(p.GRPC.Port), timeout)
    }
    ...
    }

至此我们可以拼接出periodSecondstimeoutSeconds的关系,其逻辑关系与如下代码类似。


   
   
probeTicker := time.NewTicker(periodSeconds)
for {
select {
case <-probeTicker.C:
for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
if ok:=probe(timeoutSeconds);ok{
return
}
}
}
总结
  • periodSeconds用于启动一个周期性调用探针命令的定时器,而timeoutSeconds作为探针命令的超时参数
  • timeoutSecondsperiodSeconds之间并没有明确的关系。如果timeoutSeconds=10s,periodSeconds=5s,则本次探针周期可能为[5s, 30s)之内的任意值,并不是该文中说的periodSeconds=timeoutSeconds(由于本文写于3年前,经查阅v1.19.10版本代码,逻辑上与现有版本代码相同。)
  • 由于健康检查的逻辑大部分都不会很复杂,如检查某个文件是否存在,检查服务的/hleathz http endpoint是否可以访问等,因此建议将timeoutSeconds设置为一个小于periodSeconds的合理的值。
failureThreshold/successThresholdmaxProbeRetries的关系
  • maxProbeRetries用于定义一次探针周期内探针命令执行的最大尝试次数;
  • 如果在一个探针周期内,探针命令返回成功,则successThreshold 加1,反之failureThreshold加1;
原创作者: charlieroro 转载于: https://www.cnblogs.com/charlieroro/p/18294255
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