Kotlin学习笔记-6 --- 泛型

文章参考

• 泛型，即 “参数化类型”，将类型参数化，可以用在类，接口，方法上
• 泛型，为类型安全提供保证，消除类型强转的烦恼

1、示例

定义

class Box<T> constructor(t: T) {

    var value: T = t

    init {
        var str = when (t) {
            is Int -> "Int"
            is Float -> "Float"
            is Double -> "Double"
            is Long -> "Long"
            is String -> "String"
            is Any -> "Any"
            else -> "don't know"
        }
        Log.i("TAG_ZLZ", "------ value 的类型 : $str,  其值为 : $t")
    }
}

使用

• 如果可以推断出类型参数，可以省略泛型参数

val any = Any()
val b1 = Box<Int>(1001)
val b2 = Box(78.987)
val b3 = Box("test")
val b4 = Box(any)

日志输出

2、泛型约束

定义类

class Employer constructor(name: String, position: String) : Comparable<Employer> {

    companion object {
        const val MANAGER = "manager"
        const val WORKER = "worker"
    }

    /**
     * mName     姓名
     * mPosition 职位
     */
    private val mName: String = name
    private val mPosition: String = position

    override fun compareTo(other: Employer): Int {
        val curPosition = when (mPosition) {
            MANAGER -> 2
            WORKER -> 1
            else -> 0
        }
        val otherPosition = when (other.mPosition) {
            MANAGER -> 2
            WORKER -> 1
            else -> 0
        }
        return curPosition.compareTo(otherPosition)
    }

    fun showInfo() {
        Log.i("TAG_ZLZ", "------ 姓名 : $mName,  职位 : $mPosition")
    }
}

比较方法

	fun <T> comparePosition(e1: T, e2: T): T? where T : Comparable<T> {
        return when {
            e1 > e2 -> {
                e1
            }
            e1 < e2 -> {
                e2
            }
            else -> {
                null
            }
        }
    }

使用

val e1 = Employer("Alex", Employer.MANAGER)
val e2 = Employer("Kim", Employer.WORKER)
comparePosition(e1, e2)?.showInfo()

日志输出

3、型变

4、星号投射