集合类中的modcount属性

        经常看jdk源码的同学应该发现在很多的集合类里面会有一个modcount的成员变量。这个变量的含义在AbstractList类中有详细的描述。

        

/**
     * The number of times this list has been <i>structurally modified</i>.
     * Structural modifications are those that change the size of the
     * list, or otherwise perturb it in such a fashion that iterations in
     * progress may yield incorrect results.
     *
     * <p>This field is used by the iterator and list iterator implementation
     * returned by the {@code iterator} and {@code listIterator} methods.
     * If the value of this field changes unexpectedly, the iterator (or list
     * iterator) will throw a {@code ConcurrentModificationException} in
     * response to the {@code next}, {@code remove}, {@code previous},
     * {@code set} or {@code add} operations.  This provides
     * <i>fail-fast</i> behavior, rather than non-deterministic behavior in
     * the face of concurrent modification during iteration.
     *
     * <p><b>Use of this field by subclasses is optional.</b> If a subclass
     * wishes to provide fail-fast iterators (and list iterators), then it
     * merely has to increment this field in its {@code add(int, E)} and
     * {@code remove(int)} methods (and any other methods that it overrides
     * that result in structural modifications to the list).  A single call to
     * {@code add(int, E)} or {@code remove(int)} must add no more than
     * one to this field, or the iterators (and list iterators) will throw
     * bogus {@code ConcurrentModificationExceptions}.  If an implementation
     * does not wish to provide fail-fast iterators, this field may be
     * ignored.
     */
    protected transient int modCount = 0;

   简单来说，就是为了提供了一种快速失败的机制，当iterator在遍历时，为了防止集合中的元素的个数发生变化，导致了一些不明确的情况出现，所以才需要维护这个modcount的变量。

   当我们调用add,remove等方法时，会改变这个值，然后集合会在某些操作时对这个值进行检查。