StampedLock

        jdk中提供了ReadWriteLock来实现读写锁，从而实现了读读不互斥，读写互斥，但是说到底还是一种悲观锁的形式，因为读的时候不允许写。

        jdk中还提供了一种乐观锁的读写锁StampedLock。乐观读不加锁，但是要有一种机制检测是否当前有写线程正在写入。

        源码中示例:

       

 *  <pre>{@code
 * class Point {
 *   private double x, y;
 *   private final StampedLock sl = new StampedLock();
 *
 *   void move(double deltaX, double deltaY) { // an exclusively locked method
 *     long stamp = sl.writeLock();
 *     try {
 *       x += deltaX;
 *       y += deltaY;
 *     } finally {
 *       sl.unlockWrite(stamp);
 *     }
 *   }
 *
 *   double distanceFromOrigin() { // A read-only method
 *     long stamp = sl.tryOptimisticRead();
 *     double currentX = x, currentY = y;
 *     if (!sl.validate(stamp)) {
 *        stamp = sl.readLock();
 *        try {
 *          currentX = x;
 *          currentY = y;
 *        } finally {
 *           sl.unlockRead(stamp);
 *        }
 *     }
 *     return Math.sqrt(currentX * currentX + currentY * currentY);
 *   }
 *
 *   void moveIfAtOrigin(double newX, double newY) { // upgrade
 *     // Could instead start with optimistic, not read mode
 *     long stamp = sl.readLock();
 *     try {
 *       while (x == 0.0 && y == 0.0) {
 *         long ws = sl.tryConvertToWriteLock(stamp);
 *         if (ws != 0L) {
 *           stamp = ws;
 *           x = newX;
 *           y = newY;
 *           break;
 *         }
 *         else {
 *           sl.unlockRead(stamp);
 *           stamp = sl.writeLock();
 *         }
 *       }
 *     } finally {
 *       sl.unlock(stamp);
 *     }
 *   }
 * }}</pre>