为什么重写equals方法要重写hashcode方法

首先我们来看hashcode源码中的注释

/**
     * Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is
     * supported for the benefit of hash tables such as those provided by
     * {@link java.util.HashMap}.
     * <p>
     * The general contract of {@code hashCode} is:
     * <ul>
     * <li>Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during
     *     an execution of a Java application, the {@code hashCode} method
     *     must consistently return the same integer, provided no information
     *     used in {@code equals} comparisons on the object is modified.
     *     This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an
     *     application to another execution of the same application.
     * <li>If two objects are equal according to the {@code equals(Object)}
     *     method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of
     *     the two objects must produce the same integer result.
     * <li>It is <em>not</em> required that if two objects are unequal
     *     according to the {@link java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)}
     *     method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of the
     *     two objects must produce distinct integer results.  However, the
     *     programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results
     *     for unequal objects may improve the performance of hash tables.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * As much as is reasonably practical, the hashCode method defined by
     * class {@code Object} does return distinct integers for distinct
     * objects. (This is typically implemented by converting the internal
     * address of the object into an integer, but this implementation
     * technique is not required by the
     * Java&trade; programming language.)
     *
     * @return  a hash code value for this object.
     * @see     java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
     * @see     java.lang.System#identityHashCode
     */
    public native int hashCode();

 1.同一个对象的hashcode每次都应该返回相同的值

2.如果equals方法相同，则hashcode也要相同

3.equals不同，hashcode一定要不同，但是尽量给不同的对象不同的hashcode,可以提高hashtable类似的效率。

首先针对第三点，因为hashMap中都是先按照hashcode来定位在数组的哪一个Entry的，如果不同的对象的Hashcode相同，就会产生hash碰撞，效率就会低下，所以建议不同的对象不同的hashcode值。

再来解释为什么第二条要求重写equals方法要重写hashcode方法。因为按照equals比较逻辑相同的对象，应该可以取到值，但是如果hashcode不同，就不能取到相同的值。

例如下面的例子

public class User {

    private Integer age;

    private String name;

    public User(Integer age, String name) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if(obj == this)
            return true;
        if(! (obj instanceof User))
            return false;
        User user = (User) obj;
        return (name.equals(user.name) && age.equals(user.age));
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<User, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put(new User(12, "aa"), "Hello World");
        System.out.println(map.get(new User(12, "aa")));
    }
}

  按道理来说，我们通过定义equals方法相同，那么逻辑上来说应该第二次能取到Hello World，但是没有取到，因为还是先拿我们的Key去取hashcode进行取模，因为我们只重写了equals方法，而没有重写hashcode方法，导致两次定位的数组中的位置不一致，所以第二次取不到，如果重写了hashcode方法就可以取到了。

public class User {

    private Integer age;

    private String name;

    public User(Integer age, String name) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if(obj == this)
            return true;
        if(! (obj instanceof User))
            return false;
        User user = (User) obj;
        return (name.equals(user.name) && age.equals(user.age));
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(age, name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<User, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put(new User(12, "aa"), "Hello World");
        System.out.println(map.get(new User(12, "aa")));
    }
}

重写了hashcode方法后就可以取到了。

看看equals方法的源码相关注释

/**
     * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
     * <p>
     * The {@code equals} method implements an equivalence relation
     * on non-null object references:
     * <ul>
     * <li>It is <i>reflexive</i>: for any non-null reference value
     *     {@code x}, {@code x.equals(x)} should return
     *     {@code true}.
     * <li>It is <i>symmetric</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     {@code x} and {@code y}, {@code x.equals(y)}
     *     should return {@code true} if and only if
     *     {@code y.equals(x)} returns {@code true}.
     * <li>It is <i>transitive</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     {@code x}, {@code y}, and {@code z}, if
     *     {@code x.equals(y)} returns {@code true} and
     *     {@code y.equals(z)} returns {@code true}, then
     *     {@code x.equals(z)} should return {@code true}.
     * <li>It is <i>consistent</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     {@code x} and {@code y}, multiple invocations of
     *     {@code x.equals(y)} consistently return {@code true}
     *     or consistently return {@code false}, provided no
     *     information used in {@code equals} comparisons on the
     *     objects is modified.
     * <li>For any non-null reference value {@code x},
     *     {@code x.equals(null)} should return {@code false}.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * The {@code equals} method for class {@code Object} implements
     * the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects;
     * that is, for any non-null reference values {@code x} and
     * {@code y}, this method returns {@code true} if and only
     * if {@code x} and {@code y} refer to the same object
     * ({@code x == y} has the value {@code true}).
     * <p>
     * Note that it is generally necessary to override the {@code hashCode}
     * method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the
     * general contract for the {@code hashCode} method, which states
     * that equal objects must have equal hash codes.
     *
     * @param   obj   the reference object with which to compare.
     * @return  {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
     *          argument; {@code false} otherwise.
     * @see     #hashCode()
     * @see     java.util.HashMap
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        return (this == obj);
    }