redhat 7企业版使用centos 7的yum源

众所周知 Red Hat 企业版服务器不注册的话是无法更新软件的。由于Redhat的yum在线更新是收费的，如果没有注册的话是不能使用的，即不能在线安装软件。在这种情况下，想使用Redhat系统，还想用yum源来在线安装软件，有没有办法？用cetos的yum来替换就好了

1.删除相关yum包

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-5.el7.noarch
yum-3.4.3-132.el7.noarch
yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-4.el7.noarch
PackageKit-yum-1.0.7-5.el7.x86_64

#依次强制所有删除包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-5.el7.noarch --nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e yum-3.4.3-132.el7.noarch --nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch --nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e yum-langpacks-0.4.2-4.el7.noarch --nodeps

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e PackageKit-yum-1.0.7-5.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
#再次检测下，没了
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum

#可以用xargs的方式 ，shell指令知道的多了，还是能省劲儿的
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum |xargs rpm -e --nodeps


2.下载新的yum包。使用Centos6.5的yum包

3、保证本机电脑能上网

ping www.baidu.com能通

4、进入以下网站上面查看软件包的版本是否升级或者找到自己系统所对应的文件包版本更新；
网易163网络源地址：http://mirrors.163.com/
CentOS网络源地址：http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/

5、找到自己所需要的版本下载：
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm

使用aliyun会出现下面报错：（可能是aliyun的域名改变了，修改之后下载的rpm包没有其他东西，建议链接http://rpm.pbone.net/下载，具体操作见https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142444.htm再ftp将包放进系统任意文件夹）

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm
--2018-04-25 05:09:21--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 157.255.139.135, 157.255.144.106, 157.255.139.136
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|157.255.139.135|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 404 Not Found
2018-04-25 05:09:22 ERROR 404: Not Found.

6.安装yum软件包

注意:单个的安装包可能会依赖其它包（例如yum和yum-fastestmirror会相互依赖），所以我们可以把所有这些包放在一起，用一行命令将它们同时安装即可：

 #rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch.rpm

若出现错误如下，表示没有完整的依赖关系，需要几个rpm包同时安装：

[root@localhost yumct7]# rpm -ivh yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm  yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm
warning: yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
        yum >= 3.4.3-120 is needed by yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch
        yum >= 2.4 is needed by yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch
        yum >= 3.0 is needed by yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch

当出现下面提示代表安装成功：

[root@localhost yumct7]# rpm -ivh yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm  yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm
warning: yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
  1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 20%]
  2:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-3################################# [ 40%]
  3:yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1    ################################# [ 60%]
  4:yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-34.el7  ################################# [ 80%]
  5:yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7          ################################# [100%]

7.新建repo 配置文件；

[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

更换yum源。使用163的源

1 2 3

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ # wget  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo # vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo

修改/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo，将$releasever代替为7，特别是URL中的，#注释中的可不做修改，另：/etc/yum.repos.d/下不能含有其他的.repo文件

#CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$7 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

8.清除原有缓存

# yum clean all

重建缓存，以提高搜索安装软件的速度

yum makecache

更新系统（更新yum的安装包，数量比较庞大，大致525个应用，824个包）

# yum update

9.验证

其实可以用yum update验证，也可以用安装一个vim验证，不再说了