- 实验目的
- 系统调用的进一步理解。
- 进程上下文切换。
- 同步的方法。
- 实验题目
- 1）通过fork的方式，产生4个进程P1,P2,P3,P4，每个进程打印输出自己的名字，例如P1输出“I am the process P1”。要求P1最先执行，P2、P3互斥执行，P4最后执行。通过多次测试验证实现是否正确。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict attr);
int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int main(){
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
pid_t pid1 = fork();
if(pid1 == 0){
printf("I'm the process P1.\n");
return 0;
}
waitpid(pid1, NULL, 0);
pid_t pid2 = fork();
if(pid2 == 0){
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
printf("I'm the process P2.\n");
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
return 0;
}
waitpid(pid1, NULL, 0);
pid_t pid3 = fork();
if(pid3 == 0){
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
printf("I'm the process P3.\n");
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
return 0;
}
int pr2 = waitpid(pid2, NULL, 0);
int pr3 = waitpid(pid3, NULL, 0);
pid_t pid4 = fork();
if(pid4 == 0 && (pr2 == pid2 || pr3 == pid3)){ /*P2和P3有一个完成即可进行P4*/
printf("I'm the process P4.\n");
return 0;
}
else if(pid1 != -1){
waitpid(pid1, NULL, 0);
waitpid(pid2, NULL, 0);
waitpid(pid3, NULL, 0);
waitpid(pid4, NULL, 0);
}
pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
return 0;
}
- 2）火车票余票数ticketCount 初始值为1000，有一个售票线程，一个退票线程，各循环执行多次。添加同步机制，使得结果始终正确。要求多次测试添加同步机制前后的实验效果。(说明：为了更容易产生并发错误，可以在适当的位置增加一些pthread_yield()，放弃CPU，并强制线程频繁切换，例如售票线程的关键代码：
temp=ticketCount;
pthread_yield();
temp=temp-1;
pthread_yield();
ticketCount=temp;
退票线程的关键代码：
temp=ticketCount;
pthread_yield();
temp=temp+1;
pthread_yield();
ticketCount=temp;
）
a）、未添加同步机制的程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
volatile int ticketCount = 1000;
sem_t *signal = NULL;
void *sell(void *arg){
int temp;
for(int i = 0;i < atoi(arg);i++){
temp = ticketCount;
pthread_yield();
temp = temp - 1;
pthread_yield();
ticketCount = temp;
}
return NULL;
}
void *refund(void *arg){
int temp;
for(int i = 0;i < atoi(arg);i++){
temp = ticketCount;
pthread_yield();
temp = temp + 1;
pthread_yield();
ticketCount = temp;
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
pthread_t p1,p2;
if(argc!=3){
printf("3-2<sell_num refund_num>\n");
exit(1);
}
signal = sem_open("signal",O_CREAT,0666,1);
pthread_create(&p1,NULL,sell,argv[1]);
pthread_create(&p2,NULL,refund,argv[2]);
pthread_join(p1,NULL);
pthread_join(p2,NULL);
printf("余票数为：%d\n",ticketCount);
sem_close(signal);
return 0;
}
b）、添加同步机制后的程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
volatile int ticketCount = 1000;
sem_t *signal = NULL;
void *sell(void *arg){
int temp;
for(int i = 0;i < atoi(arg);i++){
sem_wait(signal);
temp = ticketCount;
pthread_yield();
temp = temp - 1;
pthread_yield();
ticketCount = temp;
sem_post(signal);
}
return NULL;
}
void *refund(void *arg){
int temp;
for(int i = 0;i < atoi(arg);i++){
sem_wait(signal);
temp = ticketCount;
pthread_yield();
temp = temp + 1;
pthread_yield();
ticketCount = temp;
sem_post(signal);
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
pthread_t p1,p2;
if(argc!=3){
printf("3-2<sell_num refund_num>\n");
exit(1);
}
signal = sem_open("signal",O_CREAT,0666,1);
pthread_create(&p1,NULL,sell,argv[1]);
pthread_create(&p2,NULL,refund,argv[2]);
pthread_join(p1,NULL);
pthread_join(p2,NULL);
printf("余票数为：%d\n",ticketCount);
sem_close(signal);
return 0;
}
3）一个生产者一个消费者线程同步。设置一个线程共享的缓冲区， char buf[10]。一个线程不断从键盘输入字符到buf,一个线程不断的把buf的内容输出到显示器。要求输出的和输入的字符和顺序完全一致。（在输出线程中，每次输出睡眠一秒钟，然后以不同的速度输入测试输出是否正确）。要求多次测试添加同步机制前后的实验效果。
a）、未添加同步机制的程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
char buf[10];
void *scan(void *arg){
int i = 0;
while(1){
scanf("%c",&buf[(i++)%10]);
}
}
void *print(void *arg){
int i = 0;
while(1){
printf("输出buf[%d]：%c\n",i%10,buf[i%10]);
i++;
sleep(1);
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
pthread_t p1,p2;
pthread_create(&p1,NULL,scan,NULL);
pthread_create(&p2,NULL,print,NULL);
pthread_join(p1,NULL);
pthread_join(p2,NULL);
return 0;
}测试字符串：chenshuang
b）、添加同步机制后的程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
char buf[10];
sem_t *full = NULL;
sem_t *empty = NULL;
void *scan(void *arg){
int i = 0;
while(1){
sem_wait(full);
scanf("%c",&buf[(i++)%10]);
sem_post(empty);
}
}
void *print(void *arg){
int i = 0;
while(1){
sem_wait(empty);
printf("输出buf[%d]：%c\n",i%10,buf[i%10]);
i++;
sem_post(full);
sleep(1);
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
pthread_t p1,p2;
full = sem_open("full",O_CREAT,0666,10);
empty = sem_open("empty",O_CREAT,0666,0);
pthread_create(&p1,NULL,scan,NULL);
pthread_create(&p2,NULL,print,NULL);
pthread_join(p1,NULL);
pthread_join(p2,NULL);
sem_close(full);
sem_close(empty);
unlink("full");
unlink("empty");
return 0;
}测试字符串：chen
- 4）（下面两个题目，选做一个）
- 在Pinto操作系统中，增加一个系统调用，系统调用名为test_system_call()。无输入参数，输出为在显示器中打印输出：Hello. This is my test system call.
2.进程通信问题。阅读并运行共享内存、管道、消息队列三种机制的代码
（参见
https://www.cnblogs.com/Jimmy1988/p/7706980.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/Jimmy1988/p/7699351.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/Jimmy1988/p/7553069.html ）
实验测试a）通过实验测试，验证共享内存的代码中，receiver能否正确读出sender发送的字符串？如果把其中互斥的代码删除，观察实验结果有何不同？如果在发送和接收进程中打印输出共享内存地址，他们是否相同，为什么？b)有名管道和无名管道通信系统调用是否已经实现了同步机制？通过实验验证，发送者和接收者如何同步的。比如，在什么情况下，发送者会阻塞，什么情况下，接收者会阻塞？c）消息通信系统调用是否已经实现了同步机制？通过实验验证，发送者和接收者如何同步的。比如，在什么情况下，发送者会阻塞，什么情况下，接收者会阻塞？
a)、共享机制读进程
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
key_t key;
int shm_id;
int sem_id;
int value = 0;
//1.Product the key
key = ftok(".", 0xFF);
//2. Creat semaphore for visit the shared memory
sem_id = semget(key, 1, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == sem_id)
{
perror("semget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//3. init the semaphore, sem=0
if(-1 == (semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, value)))
{
perror("semctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//4. Creat the shared memory(1K bytes)
shm_id = shmget(key, 1024, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == shm_id)
{
perror("shmget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//5. attach the shm_id to this process
char *shm_ptr;
shm_ptr = shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
if(NULL == shm_ptr)
{
perror("shmat");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//6. Operation procedure
struct sembuf sem_b;
sem_b.sem_num = 0; //first sem(index=0)
sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
sem_b.sem_op = 1; //Increase 1,make sem=1
while(1)
{
if(0 == (value = semctl(sem_id, 0, GETVAL)))
{
printf("\nNow, snd message process running:\n");
printf("\tInput the snd message: ");
scanf("%s", shm_ptr);
if(-1 == semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1))
{
perror("semop");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
//if enter "end", then end the process
if(0 == (strcmp(shm_ptr ,"end")))
{
printf("\nExit sender process now!\n");
break;
}
}
shmdt(shm_ptr);
return 0;
}
b）、共享机制写进程
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
key_t key;
int shm_id;
int sem_id;
int value = 0;
//1.Product the key
key = ftok(".", 0xFF);
//2. Creat semaphore for visit the shared memory
sem_id = semget(key, 1, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == sem_id)
{
perror("semget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//3. init the semaphore, sem=0
if(-1 == (semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, value)))
{
perror("semctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//4. Creat the shared memory(1K bytes)
shm_id = shmget(key, 1024, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == shm_id)
{
perror("shmget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//5. attach the shm_id to this process
char *shm_ptr;
shm_ptr = shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
if(NULL == shm_ptr)
{
perror("shmat");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//6. Operation procedure
struct sembuf sem_b;
sem_b.sem_num = 0; //first sem(index=0)
sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
sem_b.sem_op = -1; //Increase 1,make sem=1
while(1)
{
if(1 == (value = semctl(sem_id, 0, GETVAL)))
{
printf("\nNow, receive message process running:\n");
printf("\tThe message is : %s\n", shm_ptr);
if(-1 == semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1))
{
perror("semop");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
//if enter "end", then end the process
if(0 == (strcmp(shm_ptr ,"end")))
{
printf("\nExit the receiver process now!\n");
break;
}
}
shmdt(shm_ptr);
//7. delete the shared memory
if(-1 == shmctl(shm_id, IPC_RMID, NULL))
{
perror("shmctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//8. delete the semaphore
if(-1 == semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID))
{
perror("semctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return 0;
}c）、读进程删除互斥代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
key_t key;
int shm_id;
int sem_id;
int value = 0;
//1.Product the key
key = ftok(".", 0xFF);
//2. Creat semaphore for visit the shared memory
sem_id = semget(key, 1, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == sem_id)
{
perror("semget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//3. init the semaphore, sem=0
if(-1 == (semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, value)))
{
perror("semctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//4. Creat the shared memory(1K bytes)
shm_id = shmget(key, 1024, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == shm_id)
{
perror("shmget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//5. attach the shm_id to this process
char *shm_ptr;
shm_ptr = shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
if(NULL == shm_ptr)
{
perror("shmat");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//6. Operation procedure
struct sembuf sem_b;
sem_b.sem_num = 0; //first sem(index=0)
sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
sem_b.sem_op = 1; //Increase 1,make sem=1
while(1)
{
printf("\nNow, snd message process running:\n");
printf("\tInput the snd message: ");
scanf("%s", shm_ptr);
//if enter "end", then end the process
if(0 == (strcmp(shm_ptr ,"end")))
{
printf("\nExit sender process now!\n");
break;
}
}
shmdt(shm_ptr);
return 0;
}
d）、写进程删除互斥代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
key_t key;
int shm_id;
int sem_id;
int value = 0;
//1.Product the key
key = ftok(".", 0xFF);
//2. Creat semaphore for visit the shared memory
sem_id = semget(key, 1, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == sem_id)
{
perror("semget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//3. init the semaphore, sem=0
if(-1 == (semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, value)))
{
perror("semctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//4. Creat the shared memory(1K bytes)
shm_id = shmget(key, 1024, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == shm_id)
{
perror("shmget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//5. attach the shm_id to this process
char *shm_ptr;
shm_ptr = shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
if(NULL == shm_ptr)
{
perror("shmat");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while(1)
{
printf("\nNow, receive message process running:\n");
printf("\tThe message is : %s\n", shm_ptr);
//if enter "end", then end the process
if(0 == (strcmp(shm_ptr ,"end")))
{
printf("\nExit the receiver process now!\n");
break;
}
sleep(1);
}
shmdt(shm_ptr);
//7. delete the shared memory
if(-1 == shmctl(shm_id, IPC_RMID, NULL))
{
perror("shmctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//8. delete the semaphore
if(-1 == semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID))
{
perror("semctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return 0;
}e）、读进程打印共享地址
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
key_t key;
int shm_id;
int sem_id;
int value = 0;
//1.Product the key
key = ftok(".", 0xFF);
//2. Creat semaphore for visit the shared memory
sem_id = semget(key, 1, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == sem_id)
{
perror("semget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//3. init the semaphore, sem=0
if(-1 == (semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, value)))
{
perror("semctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//4. Creat the shared memory(1K bytes)
shm_id = shmget(key, 1024, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == shm_id)
{
perror("shmget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//5. attach the shm_id to this process
char *shm_ptr;
shm_ptr = shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
if(NULL == shm_ptr)
{
perror("shmat");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//6. Operation procedure
struct sembuf sem_b;
sem_b.sem_num = 0; //first sem(index=0)
sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
sem_b.sem_op = 1; //Increase 1,make sem=1
while(1)
{
if(0 == (value = semctl(sem_id, 0, GETVAL)))
{
printf("\nNow, snd message process running:\n");
printf("The shared memory address is %x\n",shm_ptr);
printf("\tInput the snd message: ");
scanf("%s", shm_ptr);
if(-1 == semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1))
{
perror("semop");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
//if enter "end", then end the process
if(0 == (strcmp(shm_ptr ,"end")))
{
printf("\nExit sender process now!\n");
break;
}
}
shmdt(shm_ptr);
return 0;
}
f）、写进程打印共享地址
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
key_t key;
int shm_id;
int sem_id;
int value = 0;
//1.Product the key
key = ftok(".", 0xFF);
//2. Creat semaphore for visit the shared memory
sem_id = semget(key, 1, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == sem_id)
{
perror("semget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//3. init the semaphore, sem=0
if(-1 == (semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, value)))
{
perror("semctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//4. Creat the shared memory(1K bytes)
shm_id = shmget(key, 1024, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == shm_id)
{
perror("shmget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//5. attach the shm_id to this process
char *shm_ptr;
shm_ptr = shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
if(NULL == shm_ptr)
{
perror("shmat");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//6. Operation procedure
struct sembuf sem_b;
sem_b.sem_num = 0; //first sem(index=0)
sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
sem_b.sem_op = -1; //Increase 1,make sem=1
while(1)
{
if(1 == (value = semctl(sem_id, 0, GETVAL)))
{
printf("\nNow, receive message process running:\n");
printf("The shared memory address is %x\n",shm_ptr);
printf("\tThe message is : %s\n", shm_ptr);
if(-1 == semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1))
{
perror("semop");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
//if enter "end", then end the process
if(0 == (strcmp(shm_ptr ,"end")))
{
printf("\nExit the receiver process now!\n");
break;
}
}
shmdt(shm_ptr);
//7. delete the shared memory
if(-1 == shmctl(shm_id, IPC_RMID, NULL))
{
perror("shmctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//8. delete the semaphore
if(-1 == semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID))
{
perror("semctl");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
return 0;
}g）、消息通信系统调用服务端
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <signal.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 128
//Rebuild the strcut (must be)
struct msgbuf
{
long mtype;
char mtext[BUF_SIZE];
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
//1. creat a mseg queue
key_t key;
int msgId;
key = ftok(".", 0xFF);
msgId = msgget(key, IPC_CREAT|0644);
if(-1 == msgId)
{
perror("msgget");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Process (%s) is started, pid=%d\n", argv[0], getpid());
while(1)
{
alarm(0);
alarm(600); //if doesn't receive messge in 600s, timeout & exit
struct msgbuf rcvBuf;
memset(&rcvBuf, '\0', sizeof(struct msgbuf));
msgrcv(msgId, &rcvBuf, BUF_SIZE, 1, 0);
printf("Receive msg: %s\n", rcvBuf.mtext);
struct msgbuf sndBuf;
memset(&sndBuf, '\0', sizeof(sndBuf));
strncpy((sndBuf.mtext), (rcvBuf.mtext), strlen(rcvBuf.mtext)+1);
sndBuf.mtype = 2;
if(-1 == msgsnd(msgId, &sndBuf, strlen(rcvBuf.mtext)+1, 0))
{
perror("msgsnd");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//if scanf "end~", exit
if(!strcmp("end~", rcvBuf.mtext))
break;
}
printf("THe process(%s),pid=%d exit~\n", argv[0], getpid());
return 0;
}
h）、有名管道
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define FIFO "/tmp/my_fifo"
int main()
{
char buf[20] ;
memset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
//`. check the fifo file existed or not
int ret;
ret = access(FIFO, F_OK);
if(ret != 0) //file /tmp/my_fifo existed
{
fprintf(stderr, "FIFO %s does not existed", FIFO);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//2.Open the fifo file
int fifo_fd;
fifo_fd = open(FIFO, O_RDONLY);
if(-1 == fifo_fd)
{
perror("open");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
//4. read the fifo file
int num = 0;
num = read(fifo_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
printf("Read %d words: %s\n", num, buf);
close(fifo_fd);
return 0;
}i）、无名管道
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h> //for pipe()
#include <string.h> //for memset()
#include <stdlib.h> //for exit()
int main()
{
int fd[2];
char buf[20];
if(-1 == pipe(fd))
{
perror("pipe");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
pid_t pid;
pid = fork();
if(!pid){
write(fd[1], "hello,world1", 12);
memset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
write(fd[1], "hello,world2", 12);
memset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
write(fd[1], "hello,world3", 12);
memset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
}
else if(pid>0){
read(fd[0], buf, 12);
printf("The message is: %s\n", buf);
read(fd[0], buf, 12);
printf("The message is: %s\n", buf);
read(fd[0], buf, 12);
printf("The message is: %s\n", buf);
}
else{
perror("fork");
exit(1);
}
return 0;
}
5）阅读Pintos操作系统，找到并阅读进程上下文切换的代码，说明实现的保存和恢复的上下文内容以及进程切换的工作流程。
查阅资料，发现规定进程上下文切换的代码位于/threads/switch.h和/threads/switch.S中
进入pintos操作系统源码中的src/threads/thread.h
switch.h
switch.s
实现的保存和恢复的上下文内容工作流程：从正在运行的线程切换到下一个线程时，下一个线程也必须运行switch_threads（），在之后的线程中的上下文中返回前一个进程信息。此功能通过运行switch_threads函数来实现。实现原理为在堆栈上保留某些特定寄存器，切换堆栈并恢复寄存器。切换堆栈时，CUR的线程结构中记录当前堆栈指针。
源码链接：https://github.com/bjtucs/-/tree/master/%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C3
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