numpy中好用却不容易想起来的函数

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1 、np.cumsum

自动累加操作，主要用于累计概率求和等

np.cumsum([1,2,3,4,5,6,7])
array([ 1,  3,  6, 10, 15, 21, 28])

2、np.searchsorted

主要用于概率和定位等情况，比如轮盘赌等情况。
Find indices where elements should be inserted to maintain order.

Find the indices into a sorted array `a` such that, if the
corresponding elements in `v` were inserted before the indices, the
order of `a` would be preserved.

Assuming that `a` is sorted:

======  ============================
`side`  returned index `i` satisfies
======  ============================
left    ``a[i-1] < v <= a[i]``
right   ``a[i-1] <= v < a[i]``
======  ============================

Parameters
----------
a : 1-D array_like
    Input array. If `sorter` is None, then it must be sorted in
    ascending order, otherwise `sorter` must be an array of indices
    that sort it.
v : array_like
    Values to insert into `a`.
side : {'left', 'right'}, optional
    If 'left', the index of the first suitable location found is given.
    If 'right', return the last such index.  If there is no suitable
    index, return either 0 or N (where N is the length of `a`).
sorter : 1-D array_like, optional
    Optional array of integer indices that sort array a into ascending
    order. They are typically the result of argsort.

    .. versionadded:: 1.7.0

Returns
-------
indices : array of ints
    Array of insertion points with the same shape as `v`.

See Also
--------
sort : Return a sorted copy of an array.
histogram : Produce histogram from 1-D data.

Notes
-----
Binary search is used to find the required insertion points.

As of NumPy 1.4.0 `searchsorted` works with real/complex arrays containing
`nan` values. The enhanced sort order is documented in `sort`.

This function uses the same algorithm as the builtin python `bisect.bisect_left`
(``side='left'``) and `bisect.bisect_right` (``side='right'``) functions,
which is also vectorized in the `v` argument.

Examples
--------
>>> np.searchsorted([1,2,3,4,5], 3)
2
>>> np.searchsorted([1,2,3,4,5], 3, side='right')
3
>>> np.searchsorted([1,2,3,4,5], [-10, 10, 2, 3])
array([0, 5, 1, 2])

np.searchsorted([1,2,3,4,5,6,7],5)
4