微服务-Eureka服务注册与发现、Ribbon负载均衡、Feign

Eureka基础信息

1、基于CS架构，客户端-服务端
2、遵从AP原则（CAP：C-强一致性，A-可用性，p-分区容错性）
3、是Netflix的一个子模块，基于rest服务，用于定位
4、客户端连接服务端后维持一个心跳。

代码实现

总体项目架构：

1、Eureka服务端

1.1导入依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

1.2写配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 7001

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka7001.com # Eureka服务端服务名称
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false # 表示是否向注册中心注册自己
    fetch-registry: false # false表示自己为服务注册中心
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
      # defaultZone: http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/，http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/ # 集群方式配置

1.3启动类添加注解开启Eureka服务端

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaMain7001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaMain7001.class, args);
    }
}

集群，类似步骤1配置，只需要修改配置文件，服务端互相守望，添加集群配置即可。

2、Eureka客户端

2.1导入依赖

     <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-eureka -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.2写配置文件application.yml

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka

将客户端注册到eureka服务端中

2.3启动类添加注解开启Eureka客户端

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PaymentMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

一、Ribbon+RestTemplate，消费客户端调用

原理：消费者从Eureka获取服务提供者信息，根据负载均衡策略选择发送请求。所以消费者也需要配置Eureka。

说明

消费者，使用了RestTemplate与服务提供者交互。
消费者项目结构：
### 1、添加依赖

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-ribbon -->
        <!-- eureka中已经集成了ribbon，可以不用单独添加ribbon依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

2、添加配置(Eureka配置)

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false # 不向eureka注册自己
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka

3、注解启动

添加注解开启Eureka

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class Consumer80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Consumer80.class,args);
    }
}

添加注解，使用Ribbon负载均衡

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContexConfig {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

控制层，接口请求

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {\
		// 单机版，固定地址
    // private static final String HTTP_PATH = "http://localhost:8001";
    // 负载均衡（Ribbon），从Eureka注册中心，根据服务id，获取服务器地址
    private static final  String HTTP_PATH = "http://CLOUD-PROVIDER-SERVICE";
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/get")
    public CommonResult<Payment> get(@RequestParam Integer id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(HTTP_PATH + "/get?id="+id, CommonResult.class);
    }
}

二、Feign 接口方式消费客户端调用

结构目录：

1、添加依赖

     <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

2、添加配置(Eureka配置)

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false # 不向eureka注册自己
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka

3、编写Feign接口调用服务端

说明：CLOUD-PROVIDER-SERVICE是Eruka注册中心上的服务提供者的服务名称。

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-SERVICE")
public interface FeignService {

    @GetMapping("/get/{id}")
    CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") int id);

    @GetMapping("/list")
    CommonResult<List> list();
}

4、添加Eureka和Feign注解

添加注解开启Eureka、Feign

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = {"com.xiaolu"})
public class ConsumerFeignMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerFeignMain.class,args);
    }
}

5、控制层，接口请求

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private FeignService feignService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        System.out.println("请求id:"+id);
        return feignService.getPayment(id);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/list")
    public CommonResult<List> list() {
        System.out.println("查询请求");
        return feignService.list();
    }
}