二、Hibernate 增删改查及工具类封装

在上一篇文章Hibernate4框架快速搭建我们书写Hibernate的测试类是不是很麻烦？加载配置文件，注册登记拿session工厂之类的，所以为了简化我们的开发，我们写一个HibernateUtil工具类：

Hibernate工具类：

package com.tao.util;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

public class HibernateUtil {
	
	private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();
	
	//加载核心配置文件 获取session工厂
	private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory(){
		//加载Hibernate核心配置文件
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure();
		ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configure.getProperties()).build();
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
		return sessionFactory;
	}
	
	//
	public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory(){
		return sessionFactory;
	}
	
	

}

在需要 SessionFactory 的地方 直接调用 HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory() 方法就可以了。

关于Hibernate XML配置版的增删改查我就不过多描述，基本要做的事就是：写好自己的实体bean、配置好实体bean对应的 *.hbm.xml 映射配置文件，最后别忘了在 hibernate.cfg.xml 核心文件中引入就好了。下面来一套最简单的Hibernate XML版 CRUD供参考：

实体bean:Student.java

package com.tao.entity;

public class Student {
	
	private Long id;
	private String name;

	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}
	
	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}

 对应的映射文件：Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.tao.entity">
	<class name="Student" table="t_student">
		<id name="id" column="stu_id">
			<generator class="native" />
		</id>
		
		<property name="name" column="stu_name" length="50" />
	
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

在 hibernate.cfg.xml 引入 Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<!-- Hibernate 核心配置文件 -->
<hibernate-configuration>
	
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 配置关于数据库连接的四个项：driverClass  url username password -->
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate</property>
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">root</property>
        
       <!-- 方言 -->
	   <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
	
	   <!-- 控制台显示SQL -->
	   <property name="show_sql">true</property>
	
	   <!-- 自动更新表结构 -->
	   <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
	   
	   <!-- 引入的映射文件 -->
   	   <mapping resource="com\tao\entity\Student.hbm.xml"/>
   	   <mapping class="com.tao.entity.Teacher"/>
   	   
	</session-factory>
	
</hibernate-configuration>

单元测试类：TestStudent:

package com.tao.test;


import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.tao.entity.Student;
import com.tao.util.HibernateUtil;

public class TestStudent {
	
	SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();

	@Test
	public void add() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		Student stu = new Student();
		stu.setName("李四");
		session.save(stu);
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void delete() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		Student student = (Student)session.get(Student.class, Long.valueOf(2));
		session.delete(student);
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void update() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		Student student = (Student)session.get(Student.class, Long.valueOf(1));
		student.setName("张三");
		session.save(student);
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void queryStudent(){
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		Student student1 = (Student) session.get(Student.class, Long.valueOf(1));
		Student student2 = (Student) session.get(Student.class, Long.valueOf(2));
		//利用对象标识符OID来区分对象 student3实质是从缓存中查出来的 没有访问数据库
		Student student3 = (Student) session.get(Student.class, Long.valueOf(1));	
		System.out.println(student1==student2);
		System.out.println(student1==student3);
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void queryAll() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		String hql = "from Student";
		Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
		List<Student> list = query.list();
		for(Student stu:list){
			System.out.println(stu);
		}
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		
	}

}

Hibernate 基于注解版的 CRUD:

实体类：Teacher.java

package com.tao.entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

@Entity
@Table(name="t_teacher")
public class Teacher {
	
	private Long id;
	private String name;

	@Id
	@GenericGenerator(name="_native",strategy="native")	//自定义主键生成策略
	@GeneratedValue(generator="_native")//JPA通用策略生成器
	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}
	
	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Teacher [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}

	

}

基于注解就不用写实体映射文件了，会根据注解去实体化bean,定义表进行嵌入。

但是也需要在hibernate核心配置文件：hibernate.cfg.xml  进行该资源的引用，否则会报错"无法识别entity"

<mapping class="com.tao.entity.Teacher"/>

测试类：TestTeacher：

package com.tao.test;


import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.tao.entity.Teacher;
import com.tao.util.HibernateUtil;

public class TestTeacher {
	
	SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();

	@Test
	public void add() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
		teacher.setName("李四");
		session.save(teacher);
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void delete() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		Teacher Teacher = (Teacher)session.get(Teacher.class, Long.valueOf(2));
		session.delete(Teacher);
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void update() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		Teacher Teacher = (Teacher)session.get(Teacher.class, Long.valueOf(1));
		Teacher.setName("张三");
		session.save(Teacher);
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void queryAll() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		String hql = "from Teacher";
		Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
		List<Teacher> list = query.list();
		for(Teacher teacher:list){
			System.out.println(teacher);
		}
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
		
	}

}

可以达到与XML配制一样的效果 而且简单。