GCC工作流程和常用选项

重点解释

     -E                       Preprocess only; do not compile, assemble or link.
     	预处理		处理头文件信息
     -S                       Compile only; do not assemble or link.
      	生成汇编文件	可以和-o配合使用	
     -c                       Compile and assemble, but do not link.
      	编译.c文件,生成.o文件	可以和-o配合使用
     -o <file>                Place the output into <file>.
      	.o文件生成可执行文件		或者取别名i
     -I	（大写i）	// 指定头文件目录,位置	相对路径/绝对路径都行
     -L				// 找库路径
     -l	（小写L）				// 链接库

四步流程

    1.预处理(cpp)	头文件展开,宏替换,注释去除	gcc -E	生成.i文件
    2.编译(gcc)	编译生成汇编文件	gcc -S	生成.s文件
    3.汇编(as)	汇编成二进制文件	gcc -c	生成.o文件
    4.链接(ld)	链接各二进制文件生成可执行文件		gcc	生成可执行程序

    nianxing_su@nianxingsu-virtual-machine:~/syh/MakeFile/hello$ gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i
    nianxing_su@nianxingsu-virtual-machine:~/syh/MakeFile/hello$ la
    hello.c  hello.i
    
    nianxing_su@nianxingsu-virtual-machine:~/syh/MakeFile/hello$ gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s
    nianxing_su@nianxingsu-virtual-machine:~/syh/MakeFile/hello$ la
    hello.c  hello.i  hello.s
    
    nianxing_su@nianxingsu-virtual-machine:~/syh/MakeFile/hello$ gcc -c hello.s -o hello.o
    nianxing_su@nianxingsu-virtual-machine:~/syh/MakeFile/hello$ la
    hello.c  hello.i  hello.o  hello.s
    
    nianxing_su@nianxingsu-virtual-machine:~/syh/MakeFile/hello$ gcc hello.o -o hello
    nianxing_su@nianxingsu-virtual-machine:~/syh/MakeFile/hello$ la
    hello  hello.c  hello.i  hello.o  hello.s
    
    nianxing_su@nianxingsu-virtual-machine:~/syh/MakeFile/hello$ ./hello 
    Hello World.

预处理(.i文件还是c文件主要时头文件展开,宏替换,注释去除)

编译(编译成汇编文件 .s)

汇编(生成二进制文件 .o)

链接(链接各二进制文件生成可执行文件)

汇总

    gcc hello.c		// 集合上面4步直接从源文件生成一个可执行程序,默认时a.exe或a.out		-o 取别名
    gcc hello.c -o hello

gcc常用选项

    -o file		指定生成输出文件名为file
    -E		只进行预处理
    -S		只进行预处理和编译
    -c		只进行预处理,编译和汇编
    -v		查看gcc版本
    -g		包含调试信息
    -On n=0~3	编译优化,n越大优化得越多
    -Wall	提示更多警告信息
    -D		编译时定义宏

    gcc -Wall -Werror test 		// 出现警告就当成错误信息处理

    #include <stdio.h>
    
    int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    {
        printf("SIZE:%d\n",SIZE);
        return 0;
    }

    #include <stdio.h>
    
    #define SIZE 99
    
    int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    {
        printf("SIZE:%d\n",SIZE);
        return 0;
    }

gcc/g++指令信息

gcc --help或者g++ --help

    C:\Users\Administrator>gcc --help		// 帮助信息,及其指令说明
    Usage: gcc [options] file...
    Options:
      -pass-exit-codes         Exit with highest error code from a phase.
      --help                   Display this information.
      --target-help            Display target specific command line options.
      --help={common|optimizers|params|target|warnings|[^]{joined|separate|undocumented}}[,...].
                               Display specific types of command line options.
      (Use '-v --help' to display command line options of sub-processes).
      --version                Display compiler version information.
      -dumpspecs               Display all of the built in spec strings.
      -dumpversion             Display the version of the compiler.
      -dumpmachine             Display the compiler's target processor.
      -print-search-dirs       Display the directories in the compiler's search path.
      -print-libgcc-file-name  Display the name of the compiler's companion library.
      -print-file-name=<lib>   Display the full path to library <lib>.
      -print-prog-name=<prog>  Display the full path to compiler component <prog>.
      -print-multiarch         Display the target's normalized GNU triplet, used as
                               a component in the library path.
      -print-multi-directory   Display the root directory for versions of libgcc.
      -print-multi-lib         Display the mapping between command line options and
                               multiple library search directories.
      -print-multi-os-directory Display the relative path to OS libraries.
      -print-sysroot           Display the target libraries directory.
      -print-sysroot-headers-suffix Display the sysroot suffix used to find headers.
      -Wa,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the assembler.
      -Wp,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the preprocessor.
      -Wl,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the linker.
      -Xassembler <arg>        Pass <arg> on to the assembler.
      -Xpreprocessor <arg>     Pass <arg> on to the preprocessor.
      -Xlinker <arg>           Pass <arg> on to the linker.
      -save-temps              Do not delete intermediate files.
      -save-temps=<arg>        Do not delete intermediate files.
      -no-canonical-prefixes   Do not canonicalize paths when building relative
                               prefixes to other gcc components.
      -pipe                    Use pipes rather than intermediate files.
      -time                    Time the execution of each subprocess.
      -specs=<file>            Override built-in specs with the contents of <file>.
      -std=<standard>          Assume that the input sources are for <standard>.
      --sysroot=<directory>    Use <directory> as the root directory for headers
                               and libraries.
      -B <directory>           Add <directory> to the compiler's search paths.
      -v                       Display the programs invoked by the compiler.
      -###                     Like -v but options quoted and commands not executed.
      -E                       Preprocess only; do not compile, assemble or link.
      -S                       Compile only; do not assemble or link.
      -c                       Compile and assemble, but do not link.
      -o <file>                Place the output into <file>.
      -pie                     Create a dynamically linked position independent
                               executable.
      -shared                  Create a shared library.
      -x <language>            Specify the language of the following input files.
                               Permissible languages include: c c++ assembler none
                               'none' means revert to the default behavior of
                               guessing the language based on the file's extension.
    
    Options starting with -g, -f, -m, -O, -W, or --param are automatically
     passed on to the various sub-processes invoked by gcc.  In order to pass
     other options on to these processes the -W<letter> options must be used.
    
    For bug reporting instructions, please see:
    <https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64>.