数组常见的方法（增删改查）

在讲数组的常见方法之前，我们先来看一下数组的创建，有2种方式可以来创建数组

a：用构造函数的方法来创建

var arr = new Array（）;//定义了一个空数组，里面没有值
var arr = new Array（7）;//定义了一个数组，里面有7个元素（变量），但并未赋值
var arr = new Array("红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫");//定义了一个数组，里面有7个元素，并且已经赋值好，分别是"红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"

b：用字面量的方法来创建

 var arr = [];
 var arr = ["红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"];

所以

var arr = new Array（）等价于  var arr = [];

数组常见的方法

下面将数组的方法分为5类（官方文档中可查）
A – 给数组添加元素（增）：push(), unshift(),splice()
B – 从数组中删除元素（删）:pop(), shift(),splice()
C – 修改数组中的元素（改）:splice(),reverse(),sort()
D --从已有数组中返回选定的数组（查）：slice()
E – 不会改变元素数组的内容的函数：concat(),slice()

A 给数组添加元素（增）
1、push() 在数组的末尾增加一个元素

function fn(){
	var arr = ["红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"];
	 arr.push("黑")
	 console.log(arr)//结果显示："红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫","黑"
}

2、unshift() 在数组的开始添加

function fn(){
	var arr = ["红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"];
	arr.unshift('白');
	console.log(arr);//结果显示： "白","红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"
}

3、splice() 可以给数组添加、删除元素，关键可在指定下标删除或添加

function fn(){
	var arr = ["红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"];
	arr.splice(2,0,"粉");//添加元素：在下标2的位置插入了"粉"  
	// 结果显示： ["红", "橙", "粉", "黄", "绿", "青", "蓝", "紫"]
    arr.splice(2,1,"粉");//把下标为2的元素删除掉了（黄），在下标2的位置插入了"粉"  
    //  结果显示：["红", "橙", "粉", "绿", "青", "蓝", "紫"]
    arr.splice(2,3,"粉","灰");//删除元素：从下标2开始删除3个，插入元素：在下标2的位置插入了"粉","灰" 
    // 结果显示：["红", "橙", "粉", "灰", "蓝", "紫"]
    console.log(arr);
}

B – 从数组中删除元素（删）
1、pop() 删除数组里最后一个元素，返回值就是被删除的元素

 function fn (){
	var arr = ["红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"];
    var t = arr.pop();
    console.log(t); //结果显示：紫
    console.log(arr);//结果显示： ["红", "橙", "黄", "绿", "青", "蓝"]
}

2、shift() 在数组的开始删除

function fn(){
	var arr = ["红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"];
	arr.shift();
	console.log(arr);// 结果显示："橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"
}

3、splice() 可以给数组添加、删除元素，关键可在指定下标删除或添加（分类A中已讲）

C – 修改数组中的元素（改）
1、splice() （上面已讲）
2、reverse() 把数组的元素进行翻转

function fn (){
	 var arr = ["红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"];
    console.log(arr);//结果显示： ["红", "橙", "黄", "绿", "青", "蓝", "紫"]
    var t = arr.reverse();
    console.log(t); //结果显示： ["紫", "蓝", "青", "绿", "黄", "橙", "红"]
}

3、sort() sort函数只能排序字符串，不能排序数字（在回调函数中可以排序数字）

function fn (){
	 var arr=['t','f','b','a'];
     arr.sort();
     console.log(arr);//结果显示：["a", "b", "f", "t"]
}

D --从数组中查询：slice()
slice() 从数组里取出一部分元素（根据起始下标和结束下标）

function fn (){
	var arr = ["红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"];
    var t = arr.slice(2) ;
    console.log(t); //结果显示：["黄", "绿", "青", "蓝", "紫"]
    var s =  arr.slice(2,5) ;
    console.log(s); //结果显示：["黄", "绿", "青"]
    console.log(arr);//不改变原数组 结果显示：["红","橙","黄","绿","青","蓝","紫"]
}

E – 不会改变元素数组的内容的函数
1、concat() 拼接，可拼接数组或元素

function fn (){
	var a = ["红","橙","黄","绿"]; 
    var b = ["青","蓝","紫"]
    console.log( a.concat(b) ); //结果显示：["红", "橙", "黄", "绿", "青", "蓝", "紫"]
    // console.log( a.concat("青","蓝","紫") );
    console.log(a); //结果显示：["红", "橙", "黄", "绿"]
}

2、slice() （在分类D中已讲）

以上代码执行时别忘记调用下 fn()