一、redis主从复制
1、安装服务与配置
server1、2、3:
解压redis安装包
get redis-4.0.8.tar.gz
tar zxf redis-4.0.8.tar.gz
cd redis-4.0.8
yum install gcc -y
开始编译
[root@server1 redis-4.0.8]# make
[root@server1 redis-4.0.8]# make install
[root@server1 redis-4.0.8]# which redis-cli
/usr/local/bin/redis-cli
执行redis脚本
[root@server1 redis-4.0.8]# cd utils/
[root@server1 utils]# ./install_server.sh
Port : 6379 ##默认监听端口
Config file : /etc/redis/6379.conf ##默认配置文件
Log file : /var/log/redis_6379.log ##默认日志文件
Data dir : /var/lib/redis/6379 ##默认数据目录
Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-server
Cli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
查看端口
[root@server1 utils]# netstat -antlp
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 8137/redis-server 1
[root@server1 utils]# vim /etc/redis/6379.conf
70 bind 0.0.0.0
[root@server1 utils]# /etc/init.d/redis_6379 restart
[root@server1 utils]# netstat -antlp
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 8150/redis-server 0
二、redis实现主从复制
检测:
server1:
[root@server1 utils]# cd
[root@server1 ~]# cd redis-4.0.8
[root@server1 redis-4.0.8]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> set name wxj
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"wxj"
127.0.0.1:6379> set user1 123
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get user1
"123"
127.0.0.1:6379> del user1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> get user1
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"wxj"
127.0.0.1:6379> set name haha
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"haha"
server2:
编辑配置文件
[root@server2 utils]# cd /etc/redis/
[root@server2 redis]# vim 6379.conf
283 slaveof 172.25.10.1 6379
[root@server2 utils]# /etc/init.d/redis_6379 restart
查看是否同步
[root@server2 redis-4.0.8]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"haha"
三、redis集群1
server1:
修改配置文件
[root@server1 ~]# cd redis-4.0.8
[root@server1 redis-4.0.8]# cp sentinel.conf /etc/redis/
[root@server1 redis-4.0.8]# cd /etc/redis/
[root@server1 redis]# vim sentinel.conf
15 bind 0.0.0.0
17 protected-mode no ##注释打开
69 sentinel monitor mymaster 172.25.61.1 6379 2 # 这个主服务器的 IP 地址为 172.25.61.1 , 端口号为 6379 , 而将这个主服务器判断为失效至少需要 2 个 Sentinel 同意 (只要同意 Sentinel 的数量不达标,自动故障迁移就不会执行)
将配置文件发送至server2、3:
[root@server1 redis]# scp sentinel.conf server2:/etc/redis/
[root@server1 redis]# scp sentinel.conf server3:/etc/redis/
3台主机监控
监控命令
[root@server1 redis]# redis-server /etc/redis/sentinel.conf --sentinel
打开另一个shell连接server1:
[root@server1 ~]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> info
# Replication ##可以看到本机为master,2和3为slave
role:master
connected_slaves:2
slave0:ip=172.25.61.2,port=6379,state=online,offset=18147,lag=1
slave1:ip=172.25.61.3,port=6379,state=online,offset=18147,lag=1
127.0.0.1:6379> SHUTDOWN
30s之后在监控页面可以看到关闭信息
5986:X 11 Aug 21:26:15.268 # +sdown master mymaster 172.25.61.1 6379
5986:X 11 Aug 21:26:15.330 # +odown master mymaster 172.25.61.1 6379 #quorum 3/2
随即打开/etc/init.d/redis_6379 start ##注:必须在等待30s后在监控界面查看到关闭信息才打开服务
关闭之后可以在3台主机的监控中看到:
切换为server2当master
5986:X 11 Aug 21:26:16.788 * +slave slave 172.25.61.3:6379 172.25.61.3 6379 @ mymaster 172.25.61.2 6379
5986:X 11 Aug 21:26:16.788 * +slave slave 172.25.61.1:6379 172.25.61.1 6379 @ mymaster 172.25.61.2 6379
此时可在另一个shell中连接server2查看
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:2
slave0:ip=172.25.61.3,port=6379,state=online,offset=43035,lag=0
slave1:ip=172.25.61.1,port=6379,state=online,offset=43035,lag=0
四、reids集群2
创建集群
cd /usr/local/
[root@server1 local]# mkdir cluster
[root@server1 local]# cd cluster/
[root@server1 cluster]# mkdir 7001
[root@server1 cluster]# mkdir 7002
[root@server1 cluster]# mkdir 7003
[root@server1 cluster]# mkdir 7004
[root@server1 cluster]# mkdir 7005
[root@server1 cluster]# mkdir 7006
[root@server1 cluster]# cd 7001/
[root@server1 7001]# vim redis.conf
port 7001 ##后面将配置文件分别发送至7002~6时需修改文件中的3个“7001“数字,对应目录修改即可
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
appendonly yes
daemonize yes
pidfile /usr/local/cluster/7001/redis.pid # 节点的pid文件所在位置
logfile /usr/local/cluster/7001/redis.log # 节点的日志文件所在位置
将集群化工具的运行脚本放在系统第三方软件目录中
[root@server1 ~]# cd redis-4.0.8
[root@server1 redis-4.0.8]# cd src/
[root@server1 src]# cp redis-trib.rb /usr/local/bin/
执行redis-trib.rb会出现依赖性的错误,解决依赖性:
[root@server1 src]# cd /usr/local/bin/
[root@server1 bin]# yum install -y ruby
[root@server1 ~]# yum install ruby-2.2.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm libyaml-0.1.3-4.el6_6.x86_64.rpm -y
gem编译
[root@server1 ~]# gem install --local redis-4.0.1.gem
Successfully installed redis-4.0.1
Parsing documentation for redis-4.0.1
Installing ri documentation for redis-4.0.1
Done installing documentation for redis after 1 seconds
1 gem installed
查看集群化工具是否安装完成
[root@server1 ~]# gem list --local
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
bigdecimal (1.2.6)
io-console (0.4.3)
json (1.8.1)
minitest (5.4.3)
power_assert (0.2.2)
psych (2.0.8)
rake (10.4.2)
rdoc (4.2.0)
redis (4.0.1)
test-unit (3.0.8)
查看
[root@server1 ~]# redis-trib.rb
将redis关闭
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/redis_6379 stop
将redis-server *:7001 打开
[root@server1 7001]# redis-server redis.conf
查看日志,发现有报错
[root@server1 7001]# cat redis.log
解决方法:
[root@server1 7001]# cat /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
128
[root@server1 7001]# echo 511 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
[root@server1 7001]# sysctl -w vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
[root@server1 7001]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
最后写
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
[root@server1 7001]# echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
将配置文件发送至7002~6
[root@server1 7001]# cp redis.conf ../7002
[root@server1 7001]# cp redis.conf ../7003
[root@server1 7001]# cp redis.conf ../7004
[root@server1 7001]# cp redis.conf ../7005
[root@server1 7001]# cp redis.conf ../7006
到7002~6目录中修改3个数字,然后启动服务
[root@server1 7001]# cd ..
[root@server1 cluster]# cd 7002/
[root@server1 7002]# vim redis.conf
[root@server1 7002]# redis-server redis.conf
查看进程
ps ax
查看端口
netstat -antlp
创建集群,查看6个进程的主从关系
redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 127.0.0.1:7001 127.0.0.1:7002 127.0.0.1:7003 127.0.0.1:7004 127.0.0.1:7005 127.0.0.1:7006
查看单个进程的状态
[root@server1 cluster]# cd 7004/
[root@server1 7004]# redis-cli -c -p 7004
127.0.0.1:7001>info
五、实现数据库,php,nginx和redis的架构
实验环境:将上个实验的进程关闭
server1:
安装nginx和php
[root@server1 ~]# yum install nginx-1.8.0-1.el6.ngx.x86_64.rpm php-* -y
设置时区
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/php.ini
946 date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
查看nginx id
[root@server1 php.d]# id nginx
uid=498(nginx) gid=499(nginx) groups=499(nginx)
修改php配置文件
[root@server1 php.d]# cd /etc/php-fpm.d/
[root@server1 php-fpm.d]# vim www.conf
39 user = nginx
41 group = nginx
打开php服务
[root@server1 php-fpm.d]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
查看php端口
netstat -antlp
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5148/php-fpm
编辑nginx配置文件
[root@server1 php-fpm.d]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@server1 conf.d]# vim default.conf
10 index index.php index.html index.htm;
34 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
打开nginx服务
[root@server1 conf.d]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
查看nginx端口
netstat -antlp
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5165/nginx
设置nginx默认发布目录
[root@server1 conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@server1 html]# vim index.php
<?
phpinfo()
?>
检测:
浏览器访问172.25.10.1
server1:
test.php脚本内容:
<?php
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('172.25.10.2',6379) or die ("could net connect redis server");
# $query = "select * from test limit 9";
$query = "select * from test";
for ($key = 1; $key < 10; $key++)
{
if (!$redis->get($key))
{
$connect = mysql_connect('172.25.10.3','redis','westos');
mysql_select_db(test);
$result = mysql_query($query);
//如果没有找到$key,就将该查询sql的结果缓存到redis
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
{
$redis->set($row['id'],$row['name']);
}
$myserver = 'mysql';
break;
}
else
{
$myserver = "redis";
$data[$key] = $redis->get($key);
}
}
echo $myserver;
echo "<br>";
for ($key = 1; $key < 10; $key++)
{
echo "number is <b><font color=#FF0000>$key</font></b>";
echo "<br>";
echo "name is <b><font color=#FF0000>$data[$key]</font></b>";
echo "<br>";
}
?>
[root@server1 ~]# cp test.php /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php
查看php有mysql模块
[root@server1 ~]# php -m
mysql
mysqli
解压php-master包
[root@server1 ~]# yum install unzip
[root@server1 ~]# unzip phpredis-master.zip
[root@server1 ~]# cd phpredis-master
创造预编译环境
[root@server1 phpredis-master]# phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20090626
Zend Module Api No: 20090626
Zend Extension Api No: 220090626
开始编译
[root@server1 phpredis-master]# ./configure
[root@server1 phpredis-master]# make
[root@server1 phpredis-master]# make install
php添加redis模块
[root@server1 phpredis-master]# cd /usr/lib64/php/modules/
[root@server1 modules]# cd /etc/php.d/
[root@server1 php.d]# cp mysql.ini redis.ini
[root@server1 php.d]# vim redis.ini
extension=redis.so
[root@server1 php.d]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload
[root@server1 php.d]# php -m |grep redis
redis
[root@server1 ~]# scp test.sql server3:
test.sql:
use test;
CREATE TABLE `test` (`id` int(7) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` char(8) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `test` VALUES (1,'test1'),(2,'test2'),(3,'test3'),(4,'test4'),(5,'test5'),(6,'test6'),(7,'test7'),(8,'test8'),(9,'test9');
#DELIMITER $$
#CREATE TRIGGER datatoredis AFTER UPDATE ON test FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
# SET @RECV=gman_do_background('syncToRedis', json_object(NEW.id as `id`, NEW.name as `name`));
# END$$
#DELIMITER ;
server3:
实验环境:
关掉redis服务
/etc/init.d/redis_6379 stop
删除数据库
cd /var/lib/mysql
rm -fr *
rpm -e --nodeps `rpm -qa|grep mysql`
安装6.5系统自带的mysql
yum install -y mysql-server
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@server3 ~]# mysql -p
mysql> show databases;
mysql> grant all on test.* to redis@'%' identified by 'westos';
导入数据库内容
[root@server3 ~]# mysql < test.sql
查看
[root@server3 ~]# mysql -p
mysql> use test
mysql> select * from test;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | test1 |
| 2 | test2 |
| 3 | test3 |
| 4 | test4 |
| 5 | test5 |
| 6 | test6 |
| 7 | test7 |
| 8 | test8 |
| 9 | test9 |
+----+-------+
检测:
在浏览器处输入提供nginx服务和php服务的主句ip,因为redis里边没有数据缓存,所以得去后端服务器拿数据,刷新页面,会看到第二次是去redis中拿数据,同时我们在提供redis的主机中利用redis-cli命令行也可以看到数据(说明数据是真的存在了redis缓存中)
浏览器访问172.25.10.1 刷新一次
提供redis服务的server2中查看:
[root@server2 utils]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> get 1
"test1"
127.0.0.1:6379> get 2
"test2"
六、利用Gearman进行Mysql到Redis的同步复制
server1:
安装geaemand服务和依赖性
[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y gearmand-1.1.8-2.el6.x86_64.rpm libgearman-* libevent-*
打开服务
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/gearmand start
查看端口
[root@server1 ~]# netstat -antlp
7563/gearmand
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
[root@server1 ~]# scp gearman-mysql-udf-0.6.tar.gz server3:
[root@server1 ~]# scp lib_mysqludf_json-master.zip server3:
[root@server1 ~]# scp libgearman-* server3:
[root@server1 ~]# scp libevent-* server3:
server3:
安装把mysql关系型数据转换成json格式的UDF工具—lib_mysqludf_json-master
(mysql里的数据格式转成json格式,通常使用php的json扩展实现。如果使用udf,会有更快的速度。)
[root@server3 ~]# yum install unzip -y
[root@server3 ~]# unzip lib_mysqludf_json-master.zip
[root@server3 ~]# cd lib_mysqludf_json-master
安装编译语言和依赖性
[root@server3 lib_mysqludf_json-master]# yum install -y gcc mysql-devel
[root@server3 lib_mysqludf_json-master]# gcc $(mysql_config --cflags) -shared -fPIC -o lib_mysqludf_json.so lib_mysqludf_json.c
[root@server3 lib_mysqludf_json-master]# ll lib_mysqludf_json.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22223 Aug 12 14:29 lib_mysqludf_json.so
拷贝 lib_mysqludf_json.so 模块到数据库的插件目录中
[root@server3 lib_mysqludf_json-master]# cp lib_mysqludf_json.so /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/
[root@server3 lib_mysqludf_json-master]# cd /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin
[root@server3 plugin]# ll
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22223 Aug 12 14:32 lib_mysqludf_json.so
[root@server3 plugin]# mysql -p
查看 mysql 的模块目录
mysql> show global variables like 'plugin_dir';
+---------------+-------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------------------------+
| plugin_dir | /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin |
+---------------+-------------------------+
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION json_object RETURNS STRING SONAME
-> 'lib_mysqludf_json.so';
安装 gearman-mysql-udf
这个插件是用来管理调用 Gearman 的分布式的队列。
[root@server3 plugin]# cd
[root@server3 ~]# tar zxf gearman-mysql-udf-0.6.tar.gz
解决依赖性
[root@server3 ~]# yum install -y libgearman-* libevent-*
开始编译
[root@server3 ~]# cd gearman-mysql-udf-0.6
[root@server3 gearman-mysql-udf-0.6]# ./configure --libdir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/
[root@server3 gearman-mysql-udf-0.6]# make
[root@server3 gearman-mysql-udf-0.6]# make install
[root@server3 gearman-mysql-udf-0.6]# cd /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/
[root@server3 plugin]# ll
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 114597 Aug 12 14:37 libgearman_mysql_udf.so.0.0.0
[root@server3 plugin]# mysql -p
注册 UDF 函数
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION gman_do_background RETURNS STRING SONAME
-> 'libgearman_mysql_udf.so';
mysql> CREATE FUNCTION gman_servers_set RETURNS STRING SONAME
-> 'libgearman_mysql_udf.so';
查看函数
mysql> select * from mysql.func;
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
| name | ret | dl | type |
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
| json_object | 0 | lib_mysqludf_json.so | function |
| gman_do_background | 0 | libgearman_mysql_udf.so | function |
| gman_servers_set | 0 | libgearman_mysql_udf.so | function |
+--------------------+-----+-------------------------+----------+
指定 gearman 的服务信息
mysql> SELECT gman_servers_set('172.25.10.1:4730');
+--------------------------------------+
| gman_servers_set('172.25.10.1:4730') |
+--------------------------------------+
| 172.25.10.1:4730 |
+--------------------------------------+
编写 mysql 触发器(根据实际情况编写)
什么是触发器: 触发器(trigger)是SQL server
提供给程序员和数据分析员来保证数据完整性的一种方法,它是与表事件相关的特殊的存储过程,它的执行不是
由程序调用,也不是手工启动,而是由事件来触发,比如当对一个表进行操作(insert,delete, update)时
就会激活它执行。触发器经常用于加强数据的完整性约束和业务规则等
[root@server3 ~]# vim test.sql
use test;
#CREATE TABLE `test` (`id` int(7) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` char(8) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
#INSERT INTO `test` VALUES (1,'test1'),(2,'test2'),(3,'test3'),(4,'test4'),(5,'test5'),(6,'test6'),(7,'test7'),(8,'test8'),(9,'test9');
DELIMITER $$
CREATE TRIGGER datatoredis AFTER UPDATE ON test FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
SET @RECV=gman_do_background('syncToRedis', json_object(NEW.id as `id`, NEW.name as `name`));
END$$
DELIMITER ;
将触发器程序再次导入数据库
[root@server3 ~]# mysql < test.sql
[root@server3 ~]# mysql
查看触发器
mysql> SHOW TRIGGERS FROM test;
--------+--------+---------+----------+----------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| datatoredis | UPDATE | test | BEGIN
SET @RECV=gman_do_background('syncToRedis', json_object(NEW.id as `id`, NEW.name as `name`));
END | AFTER | NULL | | root@localhost | latin1 | latin1_swedish_ci | latin1_swedish_ci |
+-------------+--------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------
server1:
解压gearman包
[root@server1 ~]# cp worker.php /usr/local/
[root@server1 ~]# tar zxf gearman-1.1.2.tgz
[root@server1 ~]# cd gearman-1.1.2
[root@server1 gearman-1.1.2]# phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20090626
Zend Module Api No: 20090626
Zend Extension Api No: 220090626
开始编译
[root@server1 gearman-1.1.2]# ./configure
[root@server1 gearman-1.1.2]# make
[root@server1 gearman-1.1.2]# make install
[root@server1 gearman-1.1.2]# cd /usr/lib64/php/modules/
[root@server1 modules]# ll gearman.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 280170 Aug 12 14:46 gearman.so
在php中添加gearman模块
[root@server1 modules]# cd /etc/php.d/
[root@server1 php.d]# cp redis.ini gearman.ini
[root@server1 php.d]# vim gearman.ini
extension=gearman.so
[root@server1 php.d]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload
[root@server1 php.d]# php -m |grep gearman
gearman
编写 gearman 的 worker 端
[root@server1 php.d]# cd /usr/local/
[root@server1 local]# vim worker.php
<?php
$worker = new GearmanWorker();
$worker->addServer();
$worker->addFunction('syncToRedis', 'syncToRedis');
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('172.25.10.2', 6379);
while($worker->work());
function syncToRedis($job)
{
global $redis;
$workString = $job->workload();
$work = json_decode($workString);
if(!isset($work->id)){
return false;
}
$redis->set($work->id, $work->name);
}
?>
[root@server1 local]# nohup php /usr/local/worker.php &
[1] 9919
[root@server1 local]# nohup: ignoring input and appending output to `nohup.out'
[root@server1 local]# ps ax
9919 pts/0 S 0:00 php /usr/local/worker.php
server3:
mysql> use test
mysql> update test set name='redhat';
检测:
浏览器访问172.25.10.1