洛谷 | P4956 [COCI2017-2018#6] Davor

题目描述
After successfully conquering the South Pole, Davor is preparing for new challenges. Next up is the Arctic expedition to Siberia, Greenland and Norway. He begins his travels on 31 December 2018, and needs to collect ​N kunas (Croatian currency) by then. In order to do this, he has decided to put away ​X (​X ≤ 100) kunas every Monday to his travel fund, ​X + K kunas every Tuesday, ​X + 2* ​K every Wednesday, and so on until Sunday, when he will put away ​X + 6* ​K kunas. This way, he will collect money for 52 weeks, starting with 1 January 2018 (Monday) until 30 December 2018 (Sunday).
If we know the amount of money ​N​, output the values ​X and ​K so that it is possible to collect the ​exact money amount in the given timespan. The solution will always exist, and if there are multiple, output the one with the greatest ​X ​ and smallest ​K ​.

输入格式
The first line of input contains the integer ​N​ (1456 ≤ ​N​ ≤ 145600), the number from the task.

输出格式
The first line of output must contain the value of ​X (​0 < ​X ​≤ 100 ​)​, and the second the value of K (K ​> 0 ​)​.

题意翻译
在征服南极之后，Davor 开始了一项新的挑战。下一步是在西伯利亚、格林兰、挪威的北极圈远征。他将在 20182018 年 1212 月 3131 日开始出发，在这之前需要一共筹集 nn 元钱。他打算在每个星期一筹集 xx 元，星期二筹集 x+kx+k 元，……，星期日筹集 x+6kx+6k 元，并在 5252 个星期内筹集完。其中 x,kx,k 为正整数，并且满足 1 \le x \le 1001≤x≤100。

现在请你帮忙计算 x,kx,k 为多少时，能刚好筹集 nn 元。

如果有多个答案，输出 xx 尽可能大，kk 尽可能小的。注意 kk 必须大于 00。

输入输出样例

输入#1
1456
输出#1
1
1

输入#2
6188
输出#2
14
1

输入#3
40404
输出#3
99
4

思路
（读题还是要读原题，翻译过来的题目与原意有些出入，比如原以为52周刚好攒够，并非52周内攒够）
解决此题即求解n=52*(7x+21k)这个方程，其中x的范围为[1,100]，k为正整数。
若通过枚举x的值，则内层k循环无法给出结束循环的约束条件。因此，将内外层循环调换进行求解。

解法

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int x, k, n;
	scanf("%d", &n);
	for (k = 1;; k++)
	{
		for (x = 100; x >= 1; x--)
		{
			if (52 * (7 * x + 21 * k) == n)
			{
				printf("%d\n%d\n", x, k);
				return 0;
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}